What's the difference between temperature and thermotropic?
Temperature
Definition:
(n.) Constitution; state; degree of any quality.
(n.) Freedom from passion; moderation.
(n.) Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature; low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.
(n.) Mixture; compound.
Example Sentences:
(1) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
(2) Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations, a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity, was assessed in Xenopus Laevis, intact or spinalized, at different temperatures and by use of pharmacological tools.
(3) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(4) These are typically runaway processes in which global temperature rises lead to further releases of CO², which in turn brings about more global warming.
(5) The high transition enthalpy for kerasin is ascribed to a lesser accommodation of gauche conformers in the hydrocarbon chains just below the transition temperature.
(6) From these data it is possible to predict theoretically the apparent temperature difference as seen by an infrared scanner or radiometer with a detector of which the spectral detectivity, D (lambda), is known.
(7) Augmentation of transformation response was generally not seen at 40 degrees C; incubation at that temperature was associated with decreased cellular viability.
(8) At the same time the duodenum can be isolated from the stomach and maintained under constant stimulus by a continual infusion at regulated pressure, volume and temperature into the distal cannula.
(9) The 40 degrees C heating induced an increase in systolic, diastolic, average and pulse pressure at rectal temperature raised to 40 degrees C. Further growth of the body temperature was accompanied by a decrease in the above parameters.
(10) When irradiated circular DNA, previously nicked by T4 endonuclease V, is briefly exposed to elevated temperature, the DAN becomes susceptible to the action of exonuclease V, and pyrimidine dimers are selectively released.
(11) Breast temperatures have been measured by the automated instrumentation called the 'Chronobra' for 16 progesterone cycles in women at normal risk for breast cancer and for 15 cycles in women at high risk for breast cancer.
(12) In order to develop a sampling strategy and a method for analyzing the circadian body temperature pattern, we monitored estimates of the temperature in four ways using rectal, oral, axillary and deep body temperature from the skin surface every hour for 72 consecutive hours in 10 normal control subjects.
(13) The temperature increased from the anterior to the posterior region on both buccal and lingual sides of both arches.
(14) The birds were maintained at a constant temperature in, dim green light.
(15) Plaque size, appearance, and number were influenced by diluent, incubation temperature after nutrient overlay, centrifugation of inoculated tissue cultures, and number of host cells planted initially in each flask.
(16) Age-specific MRs for the over-75-year age group were also not related to the winter air temperatures in the eight cities.
(17) The family history and associated anomalies were recorded and particular attention was paid to temperature gradients and neurocirculatory deficits with respect to band location.
(18) Average temperature changes observed were less than 1 degree C. The present study demonstrates that the electrically evoked response in mammalian brain can be altered by ultrasound in a non-thermal, non-cavitational mode, and that such effects are potentially reversible.
(19) The distance of nucleoid sedimentation increased as a function of exposure temperature and exposure time, and was proportional to an increased protein to DNA ratio in the nucleoids.
(20) Once the temperature rises above 28C, shoppers' behaviour changes in all kinds of ways, according to Jones.
Thermotropic
Definition:
(a.) Manifesting thermotropism.
Example Sentences:
(1) The surface film transition is especially noted in the pressure-area curve of the surfactant and approximates in two dimensions the broad thermotropic phase transition of the bulk phase surfactant.
(2) The organizational features of bilayers that cause a change in the fluorescence properties of bound NK-529 show that the lateral distribution of anionic amphiphiles is appreciably influenced not only by the mole fraction of the amphiphile but also in the presence of other additives, and by the gel-fluid thermotropic transition.
(3) Viscosity and spectroscopic characteristics of blood plasma were studied in the temperature range from 0 to 40 degrees C. A correlation between thermotropic anomalies of plasma viscosity at 16-26 degrees C and 32-36 degrees C and a change in certain spectroscopic parameters were reported, which can be related to the re-structuring of intermolecular interactions in the system of plasma proteins.
(4) The data suggest that the low-temperature effects reflect a change in the physical state of membrane lipids, while the high-temperature alterations represent thermotropic protein transitions.
(5) Freeze-fracture of monolayer cultures reveals a thermotropic rearrangement of intramembranous particles following PEG treatment.
(6) Similarly, anomalous kinetic effects of the thermotropic gel-fluid phase transition or of a change in the general disorder of the bilayer organization (fluidity) has a minor effect on the kinetics of hydrolysis in the scooting mode.
(7) However, when combined with slow freezing of the aqueous substrate, the fluid bilayer phase is destabilized as a result of dehydration, and thus more prone to undergoing deleterious thermotropic phase transformations.
(8) The thermotropic properties of multilamellar liposomes from egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin and several mixtures of these two lipids were studied with the application of excimer--forming optical probe pyrene and microcalorimetry.
(9) Use of DPPC-d62 permitted the FT-IR determination of the effect of protein on the thermotropic behavior of individual phospholipids in the binary mixture.
(10) Membranes containing 50% proteolipid protein still exhibited a thermotropic transition with a deltaH one half that of the pure lipid, and only a small diminution of the size of the cooperative unit.
(11) X-ray diffraction data support this conclusion, since, at least in the low-hydration system, the average surface area per lipid polar group decreases with the thermotropic lamellar-hexagonal transition.
(12) The D-glucose permeabilities and thermotropic properties of the proteoliposomes are discussed in terms of the dislocation of the bilayer by the possible off-axis motion of the lipid which anchors the protein to the liposomal surface.
(13) The thermotropic phase behavior of the odd-numbered phosphatidylcholines is characterized by a single heating endotherm that was shown to be a superposition of at least two structural events by calorimetric cooling experiments.
(14) (1) The thermotropic behaviour of dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and freeze-fracture electron microscopy as a function of pH and of Ca2+ concentration.
(15) It has been proposed that the Arrhenius breaks observed in nonhibernating animals are the result of a gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of the mitochondrial membrane lipids, which also occurs at 20-25 degrees C, and that the absence of such breaks in hibernating animals is due to a major depression of this lipid phase transition to temperatures below 4 degrees C. In order to test this hypothesis, we have examined the thermotropic phase behavior of liver inner mitochondrial membranes from hibernating and nonhibernating Richardson's ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsonii, by differential scanning calorimetry and by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence polarization spectroscopy.
(16) The data suggest the existence of at least two thermodynamically identifiable states: resting and excited, with a thermotropic transition between the two.
(17) In addition, the thermotropic transition temperature of these membranes was not altered with age.
(18) The temperature dependence of the initial rate of PAH-transport in vesicles and that of the rate of substrate splitting by alkaline phosphatase show the break point on the Arrhenius plot at 36 degrees C-38 degrees C. The analysis of electron magnetic resonance reveals the thermotropic transition at temperatures near 30 degrees-35 degrees C. Therefore the affinity of the carrier to its substrates in vesicles of the Campbell strain rats is strongly reduced and the lipid layer is more viscous than in the normal rats.
(19) At neutral pH and in the absence of Ca2+, the thermotropic behavior of these systems is independent of the ganglioside chain length composition.
(20) Comparison of the results obtained for the dispersion of total ROS phospholipids to those of the purified head group fractions suggests that the thermotropic behavior reflects a gel-to-liquid crystalline transition, leading to lateral phase separation, involving those phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules containing saturated fatty acyl chains, possibly together with the highest melting ROS phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) components.