What's the difference between thalami and thalamic?
Thalami
Definition:
(pl. ) of Thalamus
Example Sentences:
(1) Quantitative cytophotometry and ocular filar micrometry were used to monitor T-2 toxin induced alterations in chromatin and neuronal nuclear volume in supraoptic-magnocellular neurons of rat hypo-thalami.
(2) The dorsal thalami of hamsters, gerbils and guinea pigs show no detectable cellular staining of ChE, although low levels of extra-somatal ChE appear in AV and the internal medullary lamina.
(3) Four cases of semilobar HP demonstrated incomplete fusion of the thalami and partial separation of the ventricles compared with alobar HP.
(4) The torus also received bilateral input from the nucleus ventromedialis thalami, nucleus of lemniscus lateralis, nucleus medialis, anterior octaval nucleus, descending octaval nucleus, and the reticular formation.
(5) Beside the dominant cortical concentration there is a characteristic storage of piracetam in many nuclei of other brain areas, for instance, nucleus caudatus, hippocampus, n. anteriores thalami, n. dorsales thalami, corpus geniculatum laterale and mediale, corpora mamillaria, nucleus supraopticus, substantia grisea centralis, colliculi superiores and inferiores.
(6) In contrast projections originating from layer II were generally topographically organised and terminated either within certain of the isthmic nuclei (n. isthmi pars parvocellularis, n. isthmo-opticus and n. semilunaris) or ran within layer I (layer I pathways) to end in the pretectum (griseum tectale) and ventral thalamus (n. ventrolateralis thalami, n. geniculatus, pars ventralis).
(7) High activity was found in the motor column of the brain stem, in the pars ventralis thalami and in the primordium hippocampi.
(9) More restricted input comes from the nucleus eminentiae thalami and the nucleus of the stria medullaris.
(10) The main populations of immunoreactive perikarya were located in the medial and ventral diencephalon, i.e., the preoptic nucleus, the ventral and dorsal infundibular nuclei, the nucleus posterocentralis thalami, and the ventral and ventrolateral areas of the thalamus.
(11) A variety of biometric measurements were obtained that included measurements of the frontal lobe distance (the anterior edge of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles to the frontal bone) and the thalamic frontal lobe distance (measured from the posterior edge of the thalami to the frontal bone).
(12) Neuronal and potassium activities (ak) were measured in the nucleus ventro-posterolateralis thalami (VPL) during propagated epileptiform activity from the somatosensory cortex of cats.
(13) Neurons in both the nucleus lateralis thalami and the telencephalic gustatory target exhibit multiple extraoral and oral receptive fields and complex responses to chemical (taste) and tactile stimulation.
(14) In contrast, after lesions of the dorsomedial thalami nucleus (DMTN), medial mammillary nucleus (pars lateralis) (MMN) or retrosplenial cortex (RC), values of plasma corticosterone were significantly higher than those found in controls, whereas following their stimulation plasma corticosterone levels were lower than in controls.
(15) Immunoreactive neurons were found in the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral cortex, amygdaloid complex, ventral portion of the nucleus caudatus putamen, septal area, nucleus accumbens, nucleus paratenialis, nucleus rhomboideus, nucleus reuniens, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus supraopticus, nucleus anterior hypothalami, preoptic area, hypothalamic periventricular nucleus, nucleus mammillaris medialis, medial habenular nucleus, zona incerta, nucleus lateralis thalami, nucleus tractus optici and gyrus dentatus.
(16) After injections in the somato-sensory cortex, retrogradely labeled cells were also found in the nucleus ventro-medialis thalami and very few in a zone medial to the nucleus ventralis thalami corresponding to the intralaminar thalamic nuclei.
(17) At autopsy, the brain had symmetrical cavities in putamen, caudate nuclei and medial nuclei of the thalami.
(18) Very high densities of all three ligands were found in the hyperstriatum ventrale; the nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis; the griseum tectale; the nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami; the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, pars lateralis and pars medialis; the periventricular organ; and the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale, layer f of the optic tectum.
(19) Two main types of reticular thalamic neurons were morphologically identified: (1) the small fusiform 'f' cells characterized by a very elongated perikaryon, dendritic arborization prevalent in the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral planes, and an axon without any collaterals branching within the nucleus reticularis thalami; and (2) the large fusiform 'F' neurons with dendrites arborizing mainly in the horizontal plane and with axonal branches within the nucleus reticularis thalami.
(20) Furthermore, by virtue of its exquisite soft tissue detail, MR can afford additional clarity and information with respect to relative gray-white matter loss, subarachnoid space size, gyral deformity, as well as highlighting asymmetry of the cerebral peduncles, internal capsules and the thalami.
Thalamic
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to a thalamus or to thalami.
Example Sentences:
(1) A topographic relationship was recognized between the MM and the anterior thalamic nuclei.
(2) In addition, lightly immunostained cells were distinguished in the caudal portion of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, area of tuber cinereum, retrochiasmatic area, and rostral portion of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus after colchicine treatment.
(3) A 68 year-old man with a history of right thalamic hemorrhage demonstrated radiologically in the pulvinar and posterior portion of the dorsomedian nucleus developed a clinical picture of severe physical sequelae associated with major affective, behavioral and psychic disorders.
(4) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(5) A constellation of histologic lesions was identified in brain (diffuse meningoencephalitis with bilaterally symmetrical thalamic necrosis), liver (pericholangiohepatitis), lung (pneumonitis), and spleen (lymphoid hyperplasia); this tetrad is apparently unique to this model system.
(6) In many areas there are additional indications of thalamic terminations in deeper layers.
(7) The cortical subcomponents (N16 and N17), probably reflecting thalamic and thalamocortical activity, were not significantly affected by movements.
(8) These data suggest that in terms of prolactin release, prolactin producing tumour cells are intrinsically refractory to hypo thalamic dopaminergic signals.
(9) The data support a hypothesis that medial thalamic structures have alerting functions in learning mechanisms.
(10) We used multibarrel iontophoresis to identify the neurotransmitter used in this thalamic projection.
(11) Mild cognitive disorders were observed prior to thalamic implantation.
(12) Similarity and difference of the nuclei investigated in the turtles with the thalamic anterior nuclei in lizards, with the anterior and intralaminar nuclei in Mammalia are discussed.
(13) With a single exception, the medullary reticular nuclei contained no neurons with thalamic connections; a small number of reticulo-thalamic neurons were found in the ventral pontine area.
(14) Injections of horseradish peroxidase into the telencephalon retrogradely labeled neurons ipsilaterally in various thalamic, preglomerular, and tuberal nuclei, the nucleus of the locus coeruleus (also contralaterally), the superior raphe, and portions of the nucleus lateralis valvulae.
(15) Kinetic analysis of residue and outflow curves of gamma-emitting indicators such as chromium-51-EDTA and iodide-131-thalamate from skeletal muscle gives the possibility to determine the extraction fraction and the plasma flow, and from these two values the capillary diffusion capacity can be calculated (Sejrsen 1970, preliminary report).
(16) The spinal ascending pathways responsible for neuronal ventrobasal (VB) thalamic responses elicited by joint stimulation of the posterior paw were determined in arthritic rats used as a model of experimental pain.
(17) However, since the thalamic projection terminates in a claustral region not known to project to visual cortex, it is uncertain what function such projections have within the claustrum.
(18) However, DIO-prone [3H]PAC binding was only 14-39% of DR-prone levels in 9 areas including 4 amygdalar nuclei, the lateral area, dorso- and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, median eminence and medial dorsal thalamic n. Although it is unclear whether this widespread decrease in [3H]PAC binding implicates brain alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the pathophysiology of DIO, it does correlate with a phenotypic marker (increase glucose-induced NE release) which predicts the subsequent development of DIO on a high-energy diet.
(19) We report the effect of focal injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 5 nmol) and 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (APH, 5 and 10 nmol) into the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus on behavioural symptoms of the high pressure neurological syndrome in rats.
(20) In addition, it has reciprocal connections with some thalamic nuclear groups, e.g., the "pulvinar posterior" system.