(a.) Of or pertaining to a thalamus or to thalami.
Example Sentences:
(1) A topographic relationship was recognized between the MM and the anterior thalamic nuclei.
(2) In addition, lightly immunostained cells were distinguished in the caudal portion of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, area of tuber cinereum, retrochiasmatic area, and rostral portion of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus after colchicine treatment.
(3) A 68 year-old man with a history of right thalamic hemorrhage demonstrated radiologically in the pulvinar and posterior portion of the dorsomedian nucleus developed a clinical picture of severe physical sequelae associated with major affective, behavioral and psychic disorders.
(4) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(5) A constellation of histologic lesions was identified in brain (diffuse meningoencephalitis with bilaterally symmetrical thalamic necrosis), liver (pericholangiohepatitis), lung (pneumonitis), and spleen (lymphoid hyperplasia); this tetrad is apparently unique to this model system.
(6) In many areas there are additional indications of thalamic terminations in deeper layers.
(7) The cortical subcomponents (N16 and N17), probably reflecting thalamic and thalamocortical activity, were not significantly affected by movements.
(8) These data suggest that in terms of prolactin release, prolactin producing tumour cells are intrinsically refractory to hypo thalamic dopaminergic signals.
(9) The data support a hypothesis that medial thalamic structures have alerting functions in learning mechanisms.
(10) We used multibarrel iontophoresis to identify the neurotransmitter used in this thalamic projection.
(11) Mild cognitive disorders were observed prior to thalamic implantation.
(12) Similarity and difference of the nuclei investigated in the turtles with the thalamic anterior nuclei in lizards, with the anterior and intralaminar nuclei in Mammalia are discussed.
(13) With a single exception, the medullary reticular nuclei contained no neurons with thalamic connections; a small number of reticulo-thalamic neurons were found in the ventral pontine area.
(14) Injections of horseradish peroxidase into the telencephalon retrogradely labeled neurons ipsilaterally in various thalamic, preglomerular, and tuberal nuclei, the nucleus of the locus coeruleus (also contralaterally), the superior raphe, and portions of the nucleus lateralis valvulae.
(15) Kinetic analysis of residue and outflow curves of gamma-emitting indicators such as chromium-51-EDTA and iodide-131-thalamate from skeletal muscle gives the possibility to determine the extraction fraction and the plasma flow, and from these two values the capillary diffusion capacity can be calculated (Sejrsen 1970, preliminary report).
(16) The spinal ascending pathways responsible for neuronal ventrobasal (VB) thalamic responses elicited by joint stimulation of the posterior paw were determined in arthritic rats used as a model of experimental pain.
(17) However, since the thalamic projection terminates in a claustral region not known to project to visual cortex, it is uncertain what function such projections have within the claustrum.
(18) However, DIO-prone [3H]PAC binding was only 14-39% of DR-prone levels in 9 areas including 4 amygdalar nuclei, the lateral area, dorso- and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, median eminence and medial dorsal thalamic n. Although it is unclear whether this widespread decrease in [3H]PAC binding implicates brain alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the pathophysiology of DIO, it does correlate with a phenotypic marker (increase glucose-induced NE release) which predicts the subsequent development of DIO on a high-energy diet.
(19) We report the effect of focal injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 5 nmol) and 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (APH, 5 and 10 nmol) into the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus on behavioural symptoms of the high pressure neurological syndrome in rats.
(20) In addition, it has reciprocal connections with some thalamic nuclear groups, e.g., the "pulvinar posterior" system.
Thalamus
Definition:
(n.) A mass of nervous matter on either side of the third ventricle of the brain; -- called also optic thalamus.
(n.) Same as Thallus.
(n.) The receptacle of a flower; a torus.
Example Sentences:
(1) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(2) The hippocampus plays an essential role in the laying down of cognitive memories, the pathway to the frontal lobe being via the MD thalamus.
(3) Neurons containing moderate to high concentrations of ChE reaction product were found in 3 distinct regions of the dorsal thalamus.
(4) Morphological results demonstrated that 30 Gy irradiated animals showed extensive necrosis primarily in the fimbria, which extended into the internal capsule, optic nerve, hippocampus, and thalamus.
(5) The occurrence of paresis or paralysis in ischemic processes strictly situated in the thalamus, however, is discussed: the deficit may be limited to parts of limbs; most often, it is not associated with pyramidal symptomatology; recovery is observed in the hand before the inferior limb.
(6) The presence of gelatinosa neurons projecting to the thalamus emphasizes a point made in earlier reports, that these neurons do not form an homogeneous population.
(7) The existence is therefore proposed of some neural mechanism that controls the higher cerebral function of writing via the thalamus.
(8) To identify the origin of scalp-recorded far-field negativity of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials to median nerve stimulation (designated N18), direct records were made from the thalamus and ventricular system during 4 stereotaxic and 3 posterior fossa operations.
(9) The neighbouring neocortical areas receive afferents neither from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus nor from the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum; their catecholamine innervation is mainly confined to the superficial layers and appears to be of noradrenergic nature.
(10) The tonic influences were expressed in an increase in the amplitude parameters of the responses of the visual cortex in conditions of the formation in the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus of a focus of heightened excitability (anode polarization), and their perceptible diminution with potassium depression in this nucleus.
(11) Glutamate-immunoreactive neurons were present throughout the acoustic thalamus, including the regions containing the retrogradely labeled neurons.
(12) Neutral aminopeptidase activity showed a significant decrease in the thalamus and cerebellum with marked (not significant) changes in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, medulla, and occipital cortex.
(13) CT findings of 6 cases with germinoma originating in the basal ganglia and thalamus are reported.
(14) Parkinsonism in the present case may be due to the involvement of multiple neuronal circuits of the extrapyramidal system at the level of the midbrain to the thalamus.
(15) Thus, the possibility of defects at other sites, such as the globus pallidus or thalamus must be considered.
(16) Histochemically the lowered activity of enzymes was localized mainly in the neuropil of: striatum, the Broc's nuclei and rhinencephalon: in the nervous cells of: Ammon's horn, nuclei of thalamus and in neocortex.
(17) Peripheral nerve grafts were inserted into the thalamus in 27 Sprague-Dawley rats.
(18) For the stereotactic treatment of Parkinson's disease, the target is usually located in the thalamus; this point is related to nearby structures (third ventricle).
(19) CT findings of them revealed that the hematomas were large or invaded toward the internal capsule and thalamus.
(20) Background activity recorded extracellularly from three anterior (limbic) nuclei of the thalamus was analyzed in chronic unanesthetized rabbits.