(n.) A metallic element found in certain rare minerals, as thorite, pyrochlore, monazite, etc., and isolated as an infusible gray metallic powder which burns in the air and forms thoria; -- formerly called also thorinum. Symbol Th. Atomic weight 232.0.
Example Sentences:
(1) Plain abdominal radiography demonstrated calcification in three patients and evidence of Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) deposition in one.
(2) Electron energy-loss spectroscopic element-distribution images are acquired from cytochemical reaction products in a variety of cellular objects: (1) colloidal thorium particles in extra-cellular coat material, (2) iron-containing ferritin particles in liver parenchymal cells, (3) barium-containing reaction products in endoplasmic reticulum stacks, (4) elements present in lysosomal cerium- and barium-containing precipitates connected with acid phosphatase (AcPase) or aryl sulphatase (AS) enzyme activity.
(3) In the spectrophotometric method, a change of the absorbance of thorium-morin complex is used as a measure of diphosphonate concentration.
(4) The endo- and perilymphatic glycocalyx of the cochlear epithelia were investigated ultrastructurally in normal and hydropic cochleas using the electron-dense markers cationized ferritin and colloidal thorium.
(5) The cultures were then incubated for varying periods in a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide, and the pinocytotic uptake of this marker was followed by electron microscopy.
(6) Such a diagnosis can be made without a history of thorium dioxide administration, which often may not be available.
(7) • Examining new technologies including thorium reactors, which cannot meltdown, and fast reactors, which can be fuelled by waste plutonium.
(8) Dose-response curves for chronic leukemia in A-bomb survivors and liver tumors in patients given Thorotrast (colloidal thorium dioxide) show large threshold effects.
(9) The contamination with the natural radioelements (potassium, radium, thorium) as well as their limited absorption by the gastrointestinal tract, their metabolism in organism, and their radiotoxicological characteristics do not create radiological threat to animals.
(10) A case of hepatoma induced by thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) is reported.
(11) The data indicate (1) that approximately 90% of injected Thorotrast is retained in the body for a prolonged period, but about 50% of radium and 10% of radon produced from thorium are eliminated from the body, (2) that the mean steady state activity ratios of 224Ra and 212Pb to 228Th for liver are 0.56 and 0.28, and 0.54 and 0.16 for spleen, 0.58 and 0.82 for lungs, respectively, and (3) that the parent 228Th is translocated to the bone.
(12) Sixty to 80% of the thorium activity in bones containing red marrow was located in the marrow.
(13) The role of thorium in the etiology of possibly two successive hematopoietic neoplasms is discussed.
(14) Summary--Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) is a contrast material which was first used for angiography about 40 years ago.
(15) A second follow-up of mortality was carried out for workers employed in a thorium-processing plant between 1915 and 1973.
(16) In 2009, the potential of LFTRs was highlighted in the Guardian's Manchester Report , and September this year saw the launch of the Weinberg Foundation , a new pressure group seeking to accelerate the development of thorium technology.
(17) The radioactive noble gas radon, a member of the natural decay chains of uranium and thorium, enters the indoor environment in regionally highly diverging amounts.
(18) Also, with the world's supply of uranium rapidly depleting, attention has refocused on thorium, which is three to four times more abundant and 200 times more energy dense.. "Given India's abundant supply of thorium it makes sense for her to develop thorium reactors," said Labour peer Baroness Worthington who is patron of the Weinberg Foundation, which promotes thorium-fuelled nuclear power.
(19) Review of three facial biopsies revealed collections of Thorotrast-laden histiocytes and free thorium dioxide within a background of chronic inflammation and dermal fibrosis.
(20) Previous cases of osteosarcoma associated with Thorotrast administration from the literature are cited, and possible causal relationships are discussed between thorium retention in bone and neoplastic transformation by chronic radiation.
Uranium
Definition:
(n.) An element of the chromium group, found in certain rare minerals, as pitchblende, uranite, etc., and reduced as a heavy, hard, nickel-white metal which is quite permanent. Its yellow oxide is used to impart to glass a delicate greenish-yellow tint which is accompanied by a strong fluorescence, and its black oxide is used as a pigment in porcelain painting. Symbol U. Atomic weight 239.
Example Sentences:
(1) These steps signify a willingness for engagement not seen before, but they have been overshadowed by the "nuclear crisis" triggered in October 2002 when Pyongyang admitted to having the "know-how", but not the technology, for a highly enriched uranium route to nuclear weapons.
(2) It paves the way for Iran to get nuclear weapons.” Under the deal, Iran committed to reducing the number of its centrifuges by two-thirds, capping its level of uranium enrichment well below the level needed for bomb-grade material, reducing its enriched uranium stockpile from around 10,000kg to 300kg for 15 years, and submitting to international inspections to verify its compliance.
(3) A simple method for distinction between RNA- and DNA-containing structures in aldehyde- and osmiumtextroxide-fixed electron microscopic autoradiographs (or ordinary thin sections) is described: the developer and the acetic acid used for processing autoradiographs extract selectively uranium acetate from DNA containing-structures which, after staining with lead citrate, leads to a characteristically 'bleached' appearance of the DNA.
(4) When the reactor is running, high-speed particles called neutrons strike the uranium atoms and cause them to split in a process known as nuclear fission.
(5) Lung dissolution of industrial uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) was tested in rats and baboons by intratracheal instillation and inhalation, to check the W classification given to UF4 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
(6) We aggressively push new uranium deals to countries like India , whose nuclear industry has been called unsafe by its own auditor general , and which point blank refuses to sign the global nuclear non-proliferation treaty .
(7) A chemist working at Iran's main uranium enrichment plant was killed on Wednesday when attackers on a motorbike stuck a magnetic bomb to his car.
(8) The 20%-enriched uranium stockpile would be at the heart of the new diplomatic effort.
(9) The aim of the present study was to determine whether the nephrotoxicity of the uranium-containing compound uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) is enhanced after unilateral nephrectomy.
(10) After fixing, some specimens were embedded in resin and prepared in ultra thin sections before being triple stained with tannic acid-ethanol uranium-lead.
(11) Among the ideas on the table were cutting Iran’s uranium stockpile, slowing the speed of the centrifuges or reconfiguring them.
(12) He was responsible for securing vital uranium-enrichment technology, photographing centrifuge blueprints that a German executive had been bribed into temporarily "mislaying" in his kitchen.
(13) Obama described the site, apparently a second Iranian facility for enriching uranium, as a "disturbing revelation".
(14) In kidney and bone, only administration of Tiron at 0, 0.25, or 1 hr after uranium injection, or gallic acid at 1 hr after uranium exposure significantly reduced tissue uranium concentrations.
(15) The following correction was printed in the Guardian's Corrections and clarifications column, Saturday November 17 2007 The obituary below said that some of the uranium used in the Little Boy atom bomb was snatched from Soviet-occupied Germany in 1945 by an Anglo-American special unit.
(16) The six powers (US, UK, France, Russia, China and Germany) will make it clearer to Iran that relief from the current severe sanctions regime will be available if Iran stops producing 20%-enriched uranium – a particular proliferation concern as it could easily turned into weapons-grade uranium should Iran take the decision to make a bomb.
(17) Using the Kaplan-Meier method, actuarial survival data were estimated in cancer patients registered in the Cancer Registry of Health Institute of Uranium Industry during 1976-1983, and in those followed up for 3 years and longer after the initiation of their treatment.
(18) Seventy-three rats were exposed to an aerosol of enriched uranium dioxide (UO2), giving initial lung burdens of 26 to 447 micrograms at 6 days post-inhalation (PI).
(19) Does Obama include the right to enrich uranium, which Iran is entitled to do as a signatory of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty?
(20) A future in which Iran doesn’t have a single centrifuge for enriching uranium?