(n.) A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The specific rates of degradation of L-arginine-AMC, gly-proline-AMC, N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine-AMC and N-[p-toluene-sulphonyl]gly-pro-arginine-AMC were significantly greater in that group, indicating that the composition of their gingival crevicular fluid was different from that of the gingivitis group.
(2) The toluene group were more approving in their attitudes towards taking other drugs.
(3) In anaerobiosis, at 25 mM sulphanilic acid, or with addition of p-toluene sulphonic acid only one regression line is obtained for the permeation in both directions.
(4) Their defect in DNA degradation was shown not only after treatment by toluene but also in crude extracts after cell disintegration by ultrasonic and in untreated starved cultures.
(5) The significance of the present findings on the mutual suppression of metabolism between benzene and toluene is discussed in relation to solvent toxicology and biological monitoring of exposure to the solvents.
(6) On the other hand, with simultaneous doses of the two substances, the blood toluene concentration was higher for the first 15-30 min than the ethanol control and the urinary excretion of hippuric acid, a main metabolite of toluene, was markedly decreased for the first 2 h. The blood ethanol in this group, on the contrary, was reduced until 1 h after administration.
(7) Toluene exposure for 4 and 12 weeks caused a significant, approximately 20%, increase in 45Ca2+ uptake into unstimulated synaptosomes.
(8) Furthermore, toluene undergoes methyl-substitution in preparations of human bone marrow incubated with S-adenosyl-L-methionine to yield o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene.
(9) We have investigated the whole-body dermal penetration of styrene, xylene, toluene, perchloroethylene, benzene, halothane, hexane, and isoflurane in rats and compared the permeability constants with available human studies on vapor penetration.
(10) The metabolites were identified as a) 3-hydroxy-2,6-DAT, b) 4-hydroxy-2-acetylamino-6-aminotoluene, c) 2-acetylamino-6-aminotoluene, and d) 2,6-di(acetylamino)-toluene.
(11) Thus chronic toluene inhalation even at small concentrations changes hypothalamic reactivity in response to stress and hormonal stimuli.
(12) The coefficient to the complex action of carbon oxide and heating microclimate is equal to 2.5 and toluene++ and heating microclimate to 1.9.
(13) Expired carbon dioxide (CO2), the most sensitive index, displayed an inverted U-shaped concentration-effect curve, which increased at 100 ppm (the TLV) and decreased at 4500 ppm toluene.
(14) The paint base consisted primarily of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone.
(15) As organic solvents, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE), trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, m-xylene and trichloro-trifluoroethane (FC-113) were used in this study.
(16) There was a negative association between blood toluene and plasma levels of prolactin.
(17) Ethanol-withdrawn animals displayed an increased sensitivity to the narcotic action of toluene.
(18) One possibility is that early synaptic alterations resulting from toluene exposure may be preceded by increases in outer membrane fluidity.
(19) In experiments in vitro, neither benzene, toluene nor xylene changed the number of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) or the number of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes.
(20) Benzene toluene, styrene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene are taken as examples of solvents showing various toxicokinetic properties.
Turpentine
Definition:
(n.) A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.
Example Sentences:
(1) The left eye was used as control and injected with a volume of saline equal to the volume of turpentine in the right eye.
(2) A fraction prepared from normal human plasma inhibits the migration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes into inflammatory exudates produced by the intrapleural injection of carrageeman or turpentine by the subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl sponges in the rat.
(3) After turpentine injection there was an early fall in the plasma albumin and total protein concentrations in both normal and protein-deficient rats.
(4) Local swelling could be markedly inhibited in the turpentine-oil induced inflammatory reaction of the rabbit.
(5) To determine the cell of origin of C-reactive protein (CRP) and to cast light on the mechanisms leading to the acute phase response, we used an immunoenzymatic technique to visualize this protein in livers from rabbits at intervals after intramuscular injection of turpentine.
(6) The inhibitory effect of turpentine-induced inflammation was somewhat lower than that of SKF 525A.
(7) In contrast to alpha AGP mRNA, transport of albumin mRNA was decreased 3-4X in turpentine-treated preparations.
(8) Turpentine treatment significantly reduced the in-vitro breakdown of the three drugs; aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and cytochrome P450 content were also decreased.
(9) Poly(A)+ RNA from turpentine-injected rat liver was converted to cDNA by the method of Okayama-Berg, and about 50,000 transformants were obtained.
(10) Data from our present studies demonstrate the capability of a 105,000 X g pellet from rat normal bone marrow, turpentine-induced hyperplastic bone marrow, and chloroma tumor to transform precursor arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.
(11) Hepatocytes were isolated from adult rats at various times after subcutaneous injection of turpentine (1 ml).
(12) The concentration of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was reduced in turpentine-treated rabbits, whereas the cytochrome b5 concentration remained the same in both groups.
(13) There was an inverse statistical correlation (r = -0.63 to r = -0.84) between the functional concentration of a proteinase inhibitor protein determined with the chromogenic substrate assay for human alpha 2-macroglobulin and the catalytic concentrations of various cell leakage enzymes in serum from liver-injured rats with turpentine-generated inflammation.
(14) Venice turpentine was a useful additional screening substance.
(15) Patch testing with the ICDRG standard test battery gave positive reactions to colophony, balsam of Peru, and turpentine peroxides.
(16) The most frequent chemicals were turpentine, petrol and lamp oil.
(17) Slot-blot hybridization of equal portions of RNA revealed that 12 h after injection of turpentine to induce inflammation, ferritin mRNA was concentrated on the ER-bound polyribosomes, while it was concentrated on the free polyribosomes 2 h after injection of ferric ammonium citrate.
(18) The effects of glucocorticoid treatment on the induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) during inflammation initiated by turpentine oil (TUR) or endotoxin (LPS) were studied in mice.
(19) In both dextran groups, neutrophil counts rose again between 24 and 72 hr, but in the turpentine group the fall persisted until 96 hr before counts reached a second peak at 14 days.
(20) After turpentine injection, plasma fibrinogen levels, as expected, rose to more than double the baseline values within 48 hours and then declined to the upper limit of the normal range in 6 days.