(n.) The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole.
Example Sentences:
(1) Preliminary rhythmic somatic stimulation has a predominantly facilitating effect on EPs appearing in response to tonal stimuli in the areas A1, S2, S1.
(2) The stimuli were two simple tones in experiment 1 and two tonal complexes in both experiments 2 and 3.
(3) The influence of long-term knowledge and immediate context on the perception of tonal structure in polytonal music is discussed.
(4) This paper extends previous research on listeners' abilities to discriminate the details of brief tonal components occurring within sequential auditory patterns (Watson et al., 1975, 1976).
(5) The DLs for speech were similar to those for tonal complex stimuli in both the filled and unfilled conditions.
(6) Using tonal stimuli based on the nonspeech stimuli of Mattingly et al., we found that subjects, with appropriate practice, could classify nonspeech chirp, short bleat, and bleat continua with boundaries equivalent to the syllable place continuum of Mattingly et al.
(7) It captures the fact that the eclectic and inventive Adams - who cut his compositional teeth as a member of the minimalist school in the 1970s and 1980s, and then moved on into less strict forms of tonal music - is almost certainly America's most widely performed contemporary composer.
(8) Furthermore, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) calculated from the density histogram of the maxillary sinus has been employed to perform the tonal evaluation of the intra-maxillary pathological changes.
(9) Complementary examination should allow to not turn down definitely experienced pilots with a bad tonal threshold but with good psycho-acoustic performance.
(10) Tonally, at least, Mr Osborne did not deliver a 1981 austerity budget.
(11) In all the patients ERA were recorded, and in children over 3 years old tonal audiometry was performed.
(12) The surgical feasibility of multichannel implantation in patients with Mondini dysplasia should open the door for improved speech recognition and tonal discrimination in this subset of patients.
(13) Potentials evoked by tonal pulses and recorded with a monopolar electrode on the pial surface over the auditory cortex of the guinea pig are presented.
(14) There was a 50-Hz masker band centered on the 1250-Hz tonal signal, and four 50-Hz flanker bands centered at 850, 1050, 1450, and 1650 Hz.
(15) The results illustrate an interactive influence of pitch and temporal variables on musical perception and thereby highlight the need to incorporate dynamic pattern factors into internal representations of tonality.
(16) After kittens birth the range of changes narrowed and reactions with maximum amplitude were recorded in females to presentation of tonal bursts with frequencies which corresponded to spectral characteristics of their own kittens vocalizations.
(17) Test-retest reliabilities for the Tonal and Rhythm subtests were .81 and .86, respectively, for the retarded group.
(18) Results from the phonemic identification tests indicated that tones produced by alaryngeal speakers were not only perceived at much lower levels of accuracy than those produced by normal speakers, but the patterns of tonal confusions for alaryngeal speakers were also dissimilar to those for normal speakers.
(19) Twelve possums were anaesthetized with ketamine and chloralose-urethane, and recordings were made of extracellular unit discharges in the inferior colliculus during monaural and binaural tonal stimulation.
(20) Here, the broadband maskers consisted of three adjacent spectral bands--one centered on the frequency of the tonal signal, one low passed below the lower edge of the center band, and one high passed above the upper edge of the center band.
Tonic
Definition:
(a.) Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."
(a.) Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power.
(a.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring healthy functions.
(n.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.
(n.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale.
(n.) A medicine that increases the strength, and gives vigor of action to the system.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is suggested that diabetes causes selective changes in the functioning of Gi in adipocyte membranes which removes the tonic GTP-dependent inhibitory function of this G-protein.
(2) Other Christmas favourites, including stollen, organic mince pies and Schweppes tonic will also be included among 100 seasonal products on the list of 1,000 items which shoppers can choose from over the next few months.
(3) In intact cell preparations, diamide produced a slow tonic contraction, consistent with myofibril activation.
(4) However, tetanic stimulation gave the same results as in untreated preparations when the tonicity was increased.
(5) Stimulus-response characteristics suggested that this system was well suited for a role in tonic inhibition of sympathetic activity.
(6) The amplitude was 15-70% as large as the tonic component of the K-contracture induced by 40 mM K. Theophylline (10 mM), 0.1 mM papaverine and 1 microM isoprenaline nearly abolished, and 1 mM cAMP partly depressed the tonic contraction of K-contracture, whereas the tonic contraction induced by the test solution was unaffected.
(7) While tonic pupil and reduced sweating can be attributed to the affection of postganglionic cholinergic parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres projecting to the iris and sweat glands, respectively, the pathogenesis of diminished or lost tendon jerks remains obscure.
(8) Some organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are considered, such as: two half-centres with reciprocal inhibitory connections and tonic excitatory influences on these half-centres: two half-centres with inhibitory-excitatory connections and tonic excitatory influences on one half-centre; ring structures consisting of more than two functional groups of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections between them.
(9) Overall, carbamazepine and phenytoin are recommended drugs of first choice for single-drug therapy of adults with partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures or with both.
(10) It was previously believed that the period of the circadian clock was primarily responsive to externally imposed tonic or phasic events.
(11) For now, he leans on the bar – a big man, XL T-shirt – and, in a soft Irish accent, orders himself a small gin and tonic and a bottle of mineral water.
(12) Relying on traditional medicine, all 20 women reported eating brown seaweed soup for 20 days after childbirth, and 5 said that they took tonic herbs during the puerperium.
(13) Amplitudes of the tonic response evoked by 39 mM-K+ in intact muscle tissues and the contraction induced by 0.3 microM-Ca2+ in skinned muscle were much the same.
(14) Tonic sympathetic neural control of heart rate was inferred from bradycardia after treatment with the adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, bretylium tosylate.
(15) These results clearly indicate that in both intact and OVX does, endogenous NPY is in part responsible for maintaining basal, tonic LH secretion.
(16) All motoneuron firing during fictive swimming is associated with a tonic depolarization that falls away slowly once firing stops, is increased by hyperpolarizing current, and is reduced by depolarizing current.
(17) The tonic influences were expressed in an increase in the amplitude parameters of the responses of the visual cortex in conditions of the formation in the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus of a focus of heightened excitability (anode polarization), and their perceptible diminution with potassium depression in this nucleus.
(18) Lateralization may be an expression of reflex constraints bound initially to the infant's tonic-neck posture, with later development less reflex-patterned during the acquisition of more sophisticated information-processing strategies.
(19) During each session, measurements were made of either tonic accommodation or tonic vergence 30 s before stimulus onset and at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 min after stimulus offset.
(20) The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) The effective concentration of SDS for termination of shark tonic immobility (an immediate and fast response) was close to its critical micellar concentration in sea water (70 microM).