(a.) Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."
(a.) Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power.
(a.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring healthy functions.
(n.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.
(n.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale.
(n.) A medicine that increases the strength, and gives vigor of action to the system.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is suggested that diabetes causes selective changes in the functioning of Gi in adipocyte membranes which removes the tonic GTP-dependent inhibitory function of this G-protein.
(2) Other Christmas favourites, including stollen, organic mince pies and Schweppes tonic will also be included among 100 seasonal products on the list of 1,000 items which shoppers can choose from over the next few months.
(3) In intact cell preparations, diamide produced a slow tonic contraction, consistent with myofibril activation.
(4) However, tetanic stimulation gave the same results as in untreated preparations when the tonicity was increased.
(5) Stimulus-response characteristics suggested that this system was well suited for a role in tonic inhibition of sympathetic activity.
(6) The amplitude was 15-70% as large as the tonic component of the K-contracture induced by 40 mM K. Theophylline (10 mM), 0.1 mM papaverine and 1 microM isoprenaline nearly abolished, and 1 mM cAMP partly depressed the tonic contraction of K-contracture, whereas the tonic contraction induced by the test solution was unaffected.
(7) While tonic pupil and reduced sweating can be attributed to the affection of postganglionic cholinergic parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres projecting to the iris and sweat glands, respectively, the pathogenesis of diminished or lost tendon jerks remains obscure.
(8) Some organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are considered, such as: two half-centres with reciprocal inhibitory connections and tonic excitatory influences on these half-centres: two half-centres with inhibitory-excitatory connections and tonic excitatory influences on one half-centre; ring structures consisting of more than two functional groups of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections between them.
(9) Overall, carbamazepine and phenytoin are recommended drugs of first choice for single-drug therapy of adults with partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures or with both.
(10) It was previously believed that the period of the circadian clock was primarily responsive to externally imposed tonic or phasic events.
(11) For now, he leans on the bar – a big man, XL T-shirt – and, in a soft Irish accent, orders himself a small gin and tonic and a bottle of mineral water.
(12) Relying on traditional medicine, all 20 women reported eating brown seaweed soup for 20 days after childbirth, and 5 said that they took tonic herbs during the puerperium.
(13) Amplitudes of the tonic response evoked by 39 mM-K+ in intact muscle tissues and the contraction induced by 0.3 microM-Ca2+ in skinned muscle were much the same.
(14) Tonic sympathetic neural control of heart rate was inferred from bradycardia after treatment with the adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, bretylium tosylate.
(15) These results clearly indicate that in both intact and OVX does, endogenous NPY is in part responsible for maintaining basal, tonic LH secretion.
(16) All motoneuron firing during fictive swimming is associated with a tonic depolarization that falls away slowly once firing stops, is increased by hyperpolarizing current, and is reduced by depolarizing current.
(17) The tonic influences were expressed in an increase in the amplitude parameters of the responses of the visual cortex in conditions of the formation in the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus of a focus of heightened excitability (anode polarization), and their perceptible diminution with potassium depression in this nucleus.
(18) Lateralization may be an expression of reflex constraints bound initially to the infant's tonic-neck posture, with later development less reflex-patterned during the acquisition of more sophisticated information-processing strategies.
(19) During each session, measurements were made of either tonic accommodation or tonic vergence 30 s before stimulus onset and at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 min after stimulus offset.
(20) The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) The effective concentration of SDS for termination of shark tonic immobility (an immediate and fast response) was close to its critical micellar concentration in sea water (70 microM).
Topic
Definition:
(n.) One of the various general forms of argument employed in probable as distinguished from demonstrative reasoning, -- denominated by Aristotle to`poi (literally, places), as being the places or sources from which arguments may be derived, or to which they may be referred; also, a prepared form of argument, applicable to a great variety of cases, with a supply of which the ancient rhetoricians and orators provided themselves; a commonplace of argument or oratory.
(n.) A treatise on forms of argument; a system or scheme of forms or commonplaces of argument or oratory; as, the Topics of Aristotle.
(n.) An argument or reason.
(n.) The subject of any distinct portion of a discourse, or argument, or literary composition; also, the general or main subject of the whole; a matter treated of; a subject, as of conversation or of thought; a matter; a point; a head.
(n.) An external local application or remedy, as a plaster, a blister, etc.
(a.) Topical.
Example Sentences:
(1) Furthermore, all of the sera from seven other patients with shock reactions following the topical application of chlorhexidine preparation also showed high RAST counts.
(2) Topical and systemic antibiotic therapy is common in dermatology, yet it is hard to find a rationale for a particular route in some diseases.
(3) Community involvement is a key element of the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach, and thus an essential topic on a course for managers of Primary Health Care programmes.
(4) The discussion on topics like post-schooling and rehabilitation of motorists has intensified the contacts between advocates of traffic law and traffic psychologists in the last years.
(5) Eighty micrograms of the topically active parasympatholytic drug ipratropium were applied intranasally four times daily in 20 adults with perennial rhinitis and severe watery rhinorrhoea in a double-blind controlled cross-over trial.
(6) Health information dissemination is severely complicated by the widespread stigma associated with digestive topics, manifested in the American public's general discomfort in communicating with others about digestive health.
(7) Female CD-1 mice were initiated with 200 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene and topically promoted three times weekly for 20 weeks with doses of 25, 50, 100, or 200 nmol mirex.
(8) This study compares the effects of 60 minutes of ischemic arrest with profound topical hypothermia (10 dogs) on myocardial (1) blood flow and distribution (microspheres), (2) metabolism (oxygen and lactate), (3) water content (wet to dry weights), (4) compliance (intraventricular balloon), and (5) performance (isovolumetric function curves) with 180 minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass with the heart in the beating empty state (seven dogs).
(9) "This will obviously be a sensitive topic for the US administration, but partners in the transatlantic alliance must be clear on common rules of engagement in times of conflict if we are to retain any moral standing in the world," Verhofstadt said.
(10) The decision of the editors to solicit a review for the Medical Progress series of this journal devoted to current concepts of the renal handling of salt and water is sound in that this important topic in kidney physiology has recently been the object of a number of new, exciting and, in some instances, quite unexpected insights into the mechanisms governing sodium excretion.
(11) The tetracaine component of TAC is superfluous for obtaining topical anesthesia of minor dermal lacerations of the face in children.
(12) I think we are still trying to understand all that and I think that fits under the broader topic of social licence and what bringing in automation to an area does to that region as a whole, which we don’t quite know yet.” Could carbon farming be the answer for a 'clapped-out' Australia?
(13) UPDATE II [Tues.] Two other items that may be of interest: first, Guardian editor-in-chief Alan Rusbridger was the guest for the full hour yesterday on Democracy Now, discussing the paper's role in reporting the NSA stories, and the video and transcript of the interview are here ; second, marking our collaboration on a series of articles about spying on Indians, the Hindu has a long interview with me on a variety of related topics, here .
(14) CNS excitation and seizures, manifestations of organochlorine intoxication, can occur following ingestion or inappropriate application of the 1 per cent topical formulation of lindane used to treat scabies and lice.
(15) A water based 5% benzoyl peroxide gel (Benzac W5) was compared with topical 1% clindamycin phosphate solution (Cleocin T) in the treatment of acne vulgaris using a randomized, investigator blind study design.
(16) In conclusion, this study indicates that topical CsA is capable of locally suppressing a strong T-cell-mediated immune response after an initial short-term systemic dose of CsA.
(17) Poly(ortho ester) bioerodible polymers are suitable materials for the topical administration of a wide variety of therapeutic agents; varying the nature and amounts of excipients physically incorporated into the polymer will vary the erosion rates from a few hours to many months.
(18) Future studies will need to carefully evaluate the vehicle used and the strength of topical CsA employed.
(19) The animal model of psoriasis was effectively treated by bimolane, both systemically and topically, and also by parenteral methotrexate and topical betamethasone valerate.
(20) Data were compared with those from a previous study with topical 1% minoxidil solution.