(a.) Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."
(a.) Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power.
(a.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring healthy functions.
(n.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.
(n.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale.
(n.) A medicine that increases the strength, and gives vigor of action to the system.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is suggested that diabetes causes selective changes in the functioning of Gi in adipocyte membranes which removes the tonic GTP-dependent inhibitory function of this G-protein.
(2) Other Christmas favourites, including stollen, organic mince pies and Schweppes tonic will also be included among 100 seasonal products on the list of 1,000 items which shoppers can choose from over the next few months.
(3) In intact cell preparations, diamide produced a slow tonic contraction, consistent with myofibril activation.
(4) However, tetanic stimulation gave the same results as in untreated preparations when the tonicity was increased.
(5) Stimulus-response characteristics suggested that this system was well suited for a role in tonic inhibition of sympathetic activity.
(6) The amplitude was 15-70% as large as the tonic component of the K-contracture induced by 40 mM K. Theophylline (10 mM), 0.1 mM papaverine and 1 microM isoprenaline nearly abolished, and 1 mM cAMP partly depressed the tonic contraction of K-contracture, whereas the tonic contraction induced by the test solution was unaffected.
(7) While tonic pupil and reduced sweating can be attributed to the affection of postganglionic cholinergic parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres projecting to the iris and sweat glands, respectively, the pathogenesis of diminished or lost tendon jerks remains obscure.
(8) Some organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are considered, such as: two half-centres with reciprocal inhibitory connections and tonic excitatory influences on these half-centres: two half-centres with inhibitory-excitatory connections and tonic excitatory influences on one half-centre; ring structures consisting of more than two functional groups of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections between them.
(9) Overall, carbamazepine and phenytoin are recommended drugs of first choice for single-drug therapy of adults with partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures or with both.
(10) It was previously believed that the period of the circadian clock was primarily responsive to externally imposed tonic or phasic events.
(11) For now, he leans on the bar – a big man, XL T-shirt – and, in a soft Irish accent, orders himself a small gin and tonic and a bottle of mineral water.
(12) Relying on traditional medicine, all 20 women reported eating brown seaweed soup for 20 days after childbirth, and 5 said that they took tonic herbs during the puerperium.
(13) Amplitudes of the tonic response evoked by 39 mM-K+ in intact muscle tissues and the contraction induced by 0.3 microM-Ca2+ in skinned muscle were much the same.
(14) Tonic sympathetic neural control of heart rate was inferred from bradycardia after treatment with the adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, bretylium tosylate.
(15) These results clearly indicate that in both intact and OVX does, endogenous NPY is in part responsible for maintaining basal, tonic LH secretion.
(16) All motoneuron firing during fictive swimming is associated with a tonic depolarization that falls away slowly once firing stops, is increased by hyperpolarizing current, and is reduced by depolarizing current.
(17) The tonic influences were expressed in an increase in the amplitude parameters of the responses of the visual cortex in conditions of the formation in the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus of a focus of heightened excitability (anode polarization), and their perceptible diminution with potassium depression in this nucleus.
(18) Lateralization may be an expression of reflex constraints bound initially to the infant's tonic-neck posture, with later development less reflex-patterned during the acquisition of more sophisticated information-processing strategies.
(19) During each session, measurements were made of either tonic accommodation or tonic vergence 30 s before stimulus onset and at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 min after stimulus offset.
(20) The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) The effective concentration of SDS for termination of shark tonic immobility (an immediate and fast response) was close to its critical micellar concentration in sea water (70 microM).
Triad
Definition:
(n.) A union of three; three objects treated as one; a ternary; a trinity; as, a triad of deities.
(n.) A chord of three notes.
(n.) The common chord, consisting of a tone with its third and fifth, with or without the octave.
(n.) An element or radical whose valence is three.
Example Sentences:
(1) The triad of epigastric pain unrelieved by antacids, bilious vomiting, and weight loss, particularly after a gastric operation should make one suspect this syndrome.
(2) The syndrome initially described by Behçet in 1937 comprised the triad of ocular inflammation, oral and genital ulcers.
(3) The diagnostic triad of pneumoperitoneum on x-ray, evidence or history of CMV infection, and AIDS occurred in 70 percent of patients.
(4) The characteristic signs and symptoms represent the triad of a pulsatile mass in the upper part of the abdomen, intermittent hemorrhage in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and severe epigastralgia not relieved by antacids.
(5) Cardiac myxomas typically present as a triad of obstructive, embolic, and constitutional symptoms and thus mimic many more common systemic illnesses.
(6) A mother and daughter both presented at age 5 years with the triad of right-sided congenital cholesteatoma, right preauricular pits, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
(7) Traumatic hemobilia is commonly associated with cavitary injuries to the liver, and is classically characterized by a triad of findings: GI bleeding, biliary colic, and jaundice.
(8) The tryptase sequence includes the essential residues of the catalytic triad and an aspartic acid at the base of the putative substrate binding pocket that confers P1 Arg and Lys specificity on tryptic serine proteases.
(9) The authors observed in one child and AGR triad and in two patients deformities of the skeleton of the head and lower extremities.
(10) The prospects of further progress in radiation therapy, based on the triad of patient care, teaching and research, now seem assured.
(11) Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis is a rare heritable disorder consisting of a triad of cutaneous findings including reticulate hyperpigmentation, noncicatricial alopecia, and onychodystrophy.
(12) The classical triad of symptoms seen in hemochromatosis (cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus, and skin pigmentation) are often supplemented by cardiomyopathy.
(13) The clinical history of acute pyelonephritis, avascular mass lesion of the kidney with ipsilateral pleural effusion (triad) seen in a female patient of child-bearing age is characteristic of this condition.
(14) In contrast, changes at Arg-7, Lys-12 and any one proline residue in the triad moderately reduced, and substitution of Lys-19 showed little effect on, activity.
(15) Four of the six patients had a progressive triad of ear pain, facial paralysis, and sensory loss in the second and third divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
(16) Skeletal muscle triads are possessing the whole set of enzymes of the phosphatidylinositol (PI)-linked signal generating pathway, PI-kinase, PI(4)P-kinase, and PI(4,5)P2-phospholipase C (PLC).
(17) In the present experiments, neurons were plated together in close apposition as pairs or as triads, with the tip of one Retzius cell touching the soma of another.
(18) The triad of generalized seborrheic dermatitis, failure to thrive, and diarrhea in an infant should bring to mind Leiner disease or severe combined immunodeficiency disease.
(19) These structures were concentrated in the perinuclear regions of peripheral muscle nuclei and were less abundant about the triad regions.
(20) A liver biopsy was performed in one patient 8 months after total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation; numerous clusters of islet cells staining strongly for insulin and glucagon were detected within portal triads on both wedge and needle biopsy specimens.