(n.) The state of healthy tension or partial contraction of muscle fibers while at rest; tone; tonus.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is suggested that diabetes causes selective changes in the functioning of Gi in adipocyte membranes which removes the tonic GTP-dependent inhibitory function of this G-protein.
(2) Other Christmas favourites, including stollen, organic mince pies and Schweppes tonic will also be included among 100 seasonal products on the list of 1,000 items which shoppers can choose from over the next few months.
(3) In intact cell preparations, diamide produced a slow tonic contraction, consistent with myofibril activation.
(4) However, tetanic stimulation gave the same results as in untreated preparations when the tonicity was increased.
(5) Stimulus-response characteristics suggested that this system was well suited for a role in tonic inhibition of sympathetic activity.
(6) The amplitude was 15-70% as large as the tonic component of the K-contracture induced by 40 mM K. Theophylline (10 mM), 0.1 mM papaverine and 1 microM isoprenaline nearly abolished, and 1 mM cAMP partly depressed the tonic contraction of K-contracture, whereas the tonic contraction induced by the test solution was unaffected.
(7) While tonic pupil and reduced sweating can be attributed to the affection of postganglionic cholinergic parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres projecting to the iris and sweat glands, respectively, the pathogenesis of diminished or lost tendon jerks remains obscure.
(8) Some organization schemes concerning locomotor and scratching rhythmicity generators are considered, such as: two half-centres with reciprocal inhibitory connections and tonic excitatory influences on these half-centres: two half-centres with inhibitory-excitatory connections and tonic excitatory influences on one half-centre; ring structures consisting of more than two functional groups of neurons with excitatory and inhibitory connections between them.
(9) Overall, carbamazepine and phenytoin are recommended drugs of first choice for single-drug therapy of adults with partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures or with both.
(10) It was previously believed that the period of the circadian clock was primarily responsive to externally imposed tonic or phasic events.
(11) For now, he leans on the bar – a big man, XL T-shirt – and, in a soft Irish accent, orders himself a small gin and tonic and a bottle of mineral water.
(12) Relying on traditional medicine, all 20 women reported eating brown seaweed soup for 20 days after childbirth, and 5 said that they took tonic herbs during the puerperium.
(13) Amplitudes of the tonic response evoked by 39 mM-K+ in intact muscle tissues and the contraction induced by 0.3 microM-Ca2+ in skinned muscle were much the same.
(14) Tonic sympathetic neural control of heart rate was inferred from bradycardia after treatment with the adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, bretylium tosylate.
(15) These results clearly indicate that in both intact and OVX does, endogenous NPY is in part responsible for maintaining basal, tonic LH secretion.
(16) All motoneuron firing during fictive swimming is associated with a tonic depolarization that falls away slowly once firing stops, is increased by hyperpolarizing current, and is reduced by depolarizing current.
(17) The tonic influences were expressed in an increase in the amplitude parameters of the responses of the visual cortex in conditions of the formation in the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus of a focus of heightened excitability (anode polarization), and their perceptible diminution with potassium depression in this nucleus.
(18) Lateralization may be an expression of reflex constraints bound initially to the infant's tonic-neck posture, with later development less reflex-patterned during the acquisition of more sophisticated information-processing strategies.
(19) During each session, measurements were made of either tonic accommodation or tonic vergence 30 s before stimulus onset and at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 min after stimulus offset.
(20) The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) The effective concentration of SDS for termination of shark tonic immobility (an immediate and fast response) was close to its critical micellar concentration in sea water (70 microM).
Tonus
Definition:
(n.) Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus.
Example Sentences:
(1) One is the ureteral peristaltic contraction which plays a principal role in urinary bolus transport at low flows; the other is ureteral wall tonus, which plays an important role in the transport of columns of urine by the ureter, which does not coapt its walls, at the higher flow rates.
(2) This experimental model excludes the interference of subjective factors, such as erotic stimuli and libido on erection, and it seems that androgen deficiency has a direct effect on the neurophysiology of the erectile tissues resulting in a higher tonus of the detumescence factors, which can be explained by an incomplete relaxation of the sinusoidal smooth muscle.
(3) As the KR channel is highly active in cells in physiological saline, we suggest that it controls the tonus of the coronary artery, as an endogenous dilating factor.
(4) It was found that the principal test for operative identification of the ventro-oral parts of the dentate nucleus in electrostimulation are motor reactions and changes in the muscular tonus in the homolateral limbs and reactions of the cortex of the central and precentral areas of the cerebral hemispheres revealed by electrocorticography.
(5) Its role in reversing the compulsory rotation at the beginning of flexion can now easily be explained: since it is an extensor, the flexion would cause its passive elongation, against which its mere tonus causes rotation.
(6) In 55 subjects in whom both the resting tonus and blood pressure were simultaneously measured at least twice during pregnancy, the mean maternal blood pressure increased as the resting tonus increased.
(7) The vasodilatory action of nicorandil on the epicardial coronary artery was especially pronounced in cases with increased coronary vascular tonus.
(8) It was found that: 1) papaverine abolished the concentrations induced by drugs (histamine, acetylcholine, bradykinin); 2) papaverine reduced the tonus of depolarized muscle and eliminated its increase under the effect of a rise of the external calcium concentration; 3) papaverine had no effect on the amplitude and the ascending phase of the contractile off-response; 4) papaverine accelerated the discending phase of the contractile off-response.
(9) Study of regional hemodynamics showed a significant increase in the tonus of the arteries of the brain and crura and diminished tonus of the veins.
(10) on the contractile reaction of the guinea-pig intestine to constant doses of histamine and bradykinin and on the initial tonus of the smooth muscles is observed.4.
(11) These results suggested that nicardipine might improve feto-placental blood flow while decreasing the spontaneous basal tonus.
(12) The newly-formed sphincter displays changes in its enzyme pattern and becomes capable of continuous tonus; the spinal reflex arc is set up and the transplanted muscle develops characteristic metabolic and contractile properties.
(13) Before and after treatment, multiple colonic manometry was performed, monitoring tonus, intensity and frequency of sinusoid contraction waves, transitories and vibrations, as well as the voluntary contraction capacity.
(14) In patients with spastic paraparesis, increased extensor tonus can be decreased by stimulation of flexor reflex afferents.
(15) The uterine response to the vaginal administration of this compound was characterized by a gradual increase in uterine tonus followed by sustained stimulation.
(16) These results suggest that D1 receptor tonus is a necessary prerequisite for the expression of a DA agonist's effect.
(17) Therefore, rats with initial prevalence of the sympathetic compartment tonus of the vegetative nervous system are more labile to the effect of the dehydration stress.
(18) After resection of the suspensory ligament of ovarii, an increase in resting tonus in the ovarian side did not only cause an increase in RSNA, but also a decrease in renal blood flow.
(19) Thus, as a single entity, S-CaOs may be implicated in diverse manifestations of heart failure--impaired systolic performance, increased diastolic tonus and an increased probability for the occurrence of arrhythmias.
(20) The response to each substance could be distinguished by different effect on beat rate, amplitude, and diastolic tonus, as well as by the duration of responses to standard 1-min applications.