What's the difference between tonus and torus?

Tonus


Definition:

  • (n.) Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) One is the ureteral peristaltic contraction which plays a principal role in urinary bolus transport at low flows; the other is ureteral wall tonus, which plays an important role in the transport of columns of urine by the ureter, which does not coapt its walls, at the higher flow rates.
  • (2) This experimental model excludes the interference of subjective factors, such as erotic stimuli and libido on erection, and it seems that androgen deficiency has a direct effect on the neurophysiology of the erectile tissues resulting in a higher tonus of the detumescence factors, which can be explained by an incomplete relaxation of the sinusoidal smooth muscle.
  • (3) As the KR channel is highly active in cells in physiological saline, we suggest that it controls the tonus of the coronary artery, as an endogenous dilating factor.
  • (4) It was found that the principal test for operative identification of the ventro-oral parts of the dentate nucleus in electrostimulation are motor reactions and changes in the muscular tonus in the homolateral limbs and reactions of the cortex of the central and precentral areas of the cerebral hemispheres revealed by electrocorticography.
  • (5) Its role in reversing the compulsory rotation at the beginning of flexion can now easily be explained: since it is an extensor, the flexion would cause its passive elongation, against which its mere tonus causes rotation.
  • (6) In 55 subjects in whom both the resting tonus and blood pressure were simultaneously measured at least twice during pregnancy, the mean maternal blood pressure increased as the resting tonus increased.
  • (7) The vasodilatory action of nicorandil on the epicardial coronary artery was especially pronounced in cases with increased coronary vascular tonus.
  • (8) It was found that: 1) papaverine abolished the concentrations induced by drugs (histamine, acetylcholine, bradykinin); 2) papaverine reduced the tonus of depolarized muscle and eliminated its increase under the effect of a rise of the external calcium concentration; 3) papaverine had no effect on the amplitude and the ascending phase of the contractile off-response; 4) papaverine accelerated the discending phase of the contractile off-response.
  • (9) Study of regional hemodynamics showed a significant increase in the tonus of the arteries of the brain and crura and diminished tonus of the veins.
  • (10) on the contractile reaction of the guinea-pig intestine to constant doses of histamine and bradykinin and on the initial tonus of the smooth muscles is observed.4.
  • (11) These results suggested that nicardipine might improve feto-placental blood flow while decreasing the spontaneous basal tonus.
  • (12) The newly-formed sphincter displays changes in its enzyme pattern and becomes capable of continuous tonus; the spinal reflex arc is set up and the transplanted muscle develops characteristic metabolic and contractile properties.
  • (13) Before and after treatment, multiple colonic manometry was performed, monitoring tonus, intensity and frequency of sinusoid contraction waves, transitories and vibrations, as well as the voluntary contraction capacity.
  • (14) In patients with spastic paraparesis, increased extensor tonus can be decreased by stimulation of flexor reflex afferents.
  • (15) The uterine response to the vaginal administration of this compound was characterized by a gradual increase in uterine tonus followed by sustained stimulation.
  • (16) These results suggest that D1 receptor tonus is a necessary prerequisite for the expression of a DA agonist's effect.
  • (17) Therefore, rats with initial prevalence of the sympathetic compartment tonus of the vegetative nervous system are more labile to the effect of the dehydration stress.
  • (18) After resection of the suspensory ligament of ovarii, an increase in resting tonus in the ovarian side did not only cause an increase in RSNA, but also a decrease in renal blood flow.
  • (19) Thus, as a single entity, S-CaOs may be implicated in diverse manifestations of heart failure--impaired systolic performance, increased diastolic tonus and an increased probability for the occurrence of arrhythmias.
  • (20) The response to each substance could be distinguished by different effect on beat rate, amplitude, and diastolic tonus, as well as by the duration of responses to standard 1-min applications.

Torus


Definition:

  • (n.) A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding.
  • (n.) One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicolae.
  • (n.) The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand.
  • (n.) See 3d Tore, 2.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) In addition, labelled cells were found in the torus semicircularis, in and around the nucleus isthmus pars parvocellularis.
  • (2) By means of biomicroscopy main regularities in development of the skin capillary network have been revealed in the nail torus in the postnatal ontogenesis.
  • (3) Patients of the dominant families have often had a torus palatinus.
  • (4) The torus also received bilateral input from the nucleus ventromedialis thalami, nucleus of lemniscus lateralis, nucleus medialis, anterior octaval nucleus, descending octaval nucleus, and the reticular formation.
  • (5) We employed intracellular recording and labeling methods to investigate ampullary and tuberous information processing in laminae 1-5 of the dorsal torus semicircularis of Eigenmannia.
  • (6) A cylinder of endoplasmic reticulum is intimately involved in cross-wall deposition from its earliest stages; as the wall grows in, it becomes increasingly constricted in the pore region, finally assuming a torus-like configuration.
  • (7) Unlike tuberous afferents to the torus, ampullary afferents had numerous varicosities along their finest-diameter branches.
  • (8) The anterior end of the olfactory groove was first classified into three types, i.e., normal type, obliterated type (obliterated by cancellous bone) and dangerous type (with Recessus cristae galli and Torus olfactorius).
  • (9) This independence of the auditory and the second order lateral line nuclei is further substantiated by their separate projection to other brain areas, like the torus semicircularis of the midbrain, and their functional properties.
  • (10) 60:361-407, '34) bilaterally, nucleus dorsomedialis thalami bilaterally, VM contralaterally, optic tectum bilaterally, torus semicircularis bilaterally, and nucleus lateralis valvulae ipsilaterally.
  • (11) Of the three neuronal types observed in the torus: fusiform, rounded-ovoid and triangular-stellate, the highest percentage corresponds to the neurons with rounded-ovoid somata, followed by the triangular-stellate and then the fusiform neurons.
  • (12) Single-unit recordings from neurons in the torus semicircularis of Rana ridibunda were analyzed to determine the degree to which these neurons can detect acoustic stimuli superimposed on continuous, broad-band noise.
  • (13) Scattered fibers were found in all other parts of the brain except in the cerebellum, the nucleus isthmi and the torus semicircularis, where no immunoreactivity could be detected.
  • (14) Impulse responses of single units located in the torus semicircularis of the immobilized lake frog (Rana ridibunda) to long-lasting characteristic frequency tones modulated by low-frequency pseudorandom noise were registered.
  • (15) In the mesencephalon, FMRF-amide-containing fibres appeared in the dorsal tegmentum, in the torus semicircularis and in the deep layers of the tectum opticum.
  • (16) The lateral preglomerular nucleus receives an electrosensory input from nucleus electrosensorius in the diencephalon, but it also receives auditory and mechanosensory inputs directly from the torus semicircularis.
  • (17) the laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis, a cell group which receives spinal afferents and projects to the spinal cord as the mammalian periaqueductal gray.
  • (18) In the case of squalene-based black lipid membranes (BLMs), in contrast, vesicles do not nucleate lenses but they apparently do fuse with the torus at the bilayer boundary.
  • (19) Stability of the inner torus ring is achieved when DNA phosphate groups are about 90% neutralized by trivalent cations, another prediction that is consistent with the observed formation of toruses in these conditions.
  • (20) The present study demonstrates that (i) the lateral lemniscus is supplied by fibers of the medullary acoustic nucleus (nucleus intermedius) and the superior olive; (ii) the subtectal dorsal tegmentum can be clearly separated into a dorsally located torus semicircularis and a ventrally situated dorsal tegmental nucleus, the former processing auditory and vibratory, the latter vestibular signals; and (iii) the hearing capabilities of this animal, as estimated from the tuning of toral units, are comparable to those of anurans with extratympanic sound transmission.

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