(n.) One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.
(n.) Calcareous tufa.
Example Sentences:
(1) Seven-to-14-week-old pullets from this facility had multifocal renal tubular necrosis leading to interstitial fibrosis, tophus formation, and tubular dilation.
(2) A rare case of gouty tophus localized to the temporomandibular joint is reported on by which alimentary troubles were caused.
(3) After 1 month, the kidneys showed the previously described histologic features of urate-blockade nephropathy characterized by intratubular deposits, tubular injury, and an exudative response consisting of neutrophilic granulocytes with early tophus formation.
(4) The authors report a rare case of tophus situated in the optic nerve and coexisting with aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery.
(5) We describe an elderly woman presenting acutely with tophus formation mimicking infection, in whom diuretic therapy was responsible for her disease.
(6) Almost all the sites of tophus-like deposits of CPPD crystals and the degenerated matrix containing low concentrations of scattered CPPD crystals stained strongly with Sudan III.
(7) In the gout tophus, macrophage migration appears to be at a relatively low level and effectively terminates once these cells have been recruited into the corona.
(8) Tophus formation at the temporomandibular joint with extension into the fossa infratemporalis has been mentioned only three times in the world literature.
(9) A case of extradural gouty tophus in the lumbar region in a teen-age girl is presented as an addition to the differential diagnosis of erosive lesions of the spinal canal.
(10) Both tophus-derived and synthetic crystals appeared to be weak hemolytic agents.
(11) Endoscopic biopsy revealed a tophus of the true vocal cord with characteristic birefringent crystalline deposits and giant cell granuloma.
(12) Monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals derived from a tophus surgically removed from patients suffering from gout and MSUM prepared from a supersaturated solution of sodium urate were studied and compared with respect to their ability to: (1) stimulate chemiluminescence (CL) production by human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, (2) induce hemolysis of the human red blood cells and (3) induce inflammation when injected in the rat paw and knee joint.
(13) -In the present paper, the authors report on the extraordinary location of an urate tophus in the fossa infratemporalis - in this case, there was even destruction of the middle base of the skull - which had been misinterpreted for years, having been diagnosed as a primary disease of the parotid gland.
(14) A burn precipitated one bulla, showing that local tissue injury can be a factor in tophus localization.
(15) Subcutaneous cholesterol crystal deposition with tophus formation is extremely rare and has been described in a patient with scleroderma and calcinosis cutis.
(16) The findings suggest that acini of macrophages are formed and that active cellular transport of urate from the interstitial fluid into the central zones of these structures accounts for the focal nature of crystallization within the tophus.
(17) A typical gouty tophus with birefringent, dichroic, needle shaped crystals was found in a resected calcified aortic valve on routine histological examination.
(18) Fresh tophaceous material from a patient with gout contained significant levels of TNF alpha and cells cultured from the tophus produced TNF alpha in vitro.
(19) Evidence of an axial skeletal tophus causing an irritative radiculopathy via mass effect is presented.
(20) Each of those formulations of a pathogenetic role for crystals may be true in a given case, analogous to the etiology of primary and secondary forms of hyperuricemia and to sodium urate crystal deposition coexistent with osteoarthritis (tophus formation in Heberden's nodes).
Typhus
Definition:
(n.) A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks, attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and marked by a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also called jail fever, famine fever, putrid fever, spottled fever, etc. See Jail fever, under Jail.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicated a very good comparability between the dot-blot assay and IF-tests, and this dot-blot method was ascertained as a simple and useful method for the scrub typhus serodiagnosis.
(2) Commercial antigens of R. prowazekii may be used for the diagnosis of the typhus group rickettsiosis by the new solid-phase indirect enzyme immunoassay (SPI EIA).
(3) In the present work a prospective study on murine typhus was carried out in Chalkis General Hospital in 1985, is presented.
(4) None of the patients was suspected of having abdominal typhus at the time of admittance.
(5) Since human endothelial cells are known to retain their in vivo structural and functional qualities when cultured in vitro, it is likely that these effects are similar to those which occur during the infectious process in human scrub typhus.
(6) A new endemic focus of Queensland tick typhus was defined when two cases of Rickettsia australis infection were recognized in Sydney.
(7) We examined the ability of monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocyte surface antigens to block the lysis of typhus group rickettsia-infected cells by lymphokine-activated killer effectors.
(8) Selection of mutants of a low pathogenic strain E of R. prowazekii is a trend in genetic investigation of this Rickettsia species and one of the approaches to stabilizing the strain avirulent properties with a purpose of using in vaccine prophylaxis of typhus.
(9) The monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify R. prowazekii and R. mooseri and solve the problem of differentiating Rickettsiae of typhus group.
(10) Meadow voles exposed to house dust mites from the homes of patients did not develop serologic or pathologic evidence of infection due to rickettsiae in the spotted fever and typhus groups or Coxiella burnetii.
(11) The protective activity of chemical typhus vaccine and R. prowazekii corpuscular radioantigen (CRA) was studied.
(12) Early rising IgM titers followed by rising IgG titers were demonstrated by ELISA in three patients with primary scrub typhus infections, whereas the IgG response predominated in a patient with a reinfection.
(13) It was concluded that a relatively broad antigenic relationship exists between rickettsiae of the typhus and spotted fever groups.
(14) The author presents an account of phagotypes of 70 strains of Salmonella paratyphi B isolated in 1986-1991 incl., from patients suffering from typhus B and registered carriers, isolates from river water and also from three new cases of carriers in Czechoslovakia.
(15) Formation of typhus immunity was seen when such chemoprophylaxis scheme was followed.
(16) Between 1954 and 1963, typhus, both epidemic and recrudescent, has been studied in Bosnia.
(17) Results indicated that the latex agglutination test was sensitive and specific and would serve well as a first-line screening test for murine typhus.
(18) The significance of antibody cytophilic for macrophages in typhus infections is discussed.
(19) The first group consists of pair combinations of vaccines that cannot exert any influence on immunogenicity of cause the development of frequent post-vaccination reaction or temporary disability (typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever vaccines).
(20) A new assay is described for enumerating biologically active typhus rickettsiae (Madrid E strain), based on adsorption of rickettsiae to erythrocytes in the presence of NaF (which allows adsorption but not lysis) and lysis in the presence of anti-Rickettsia prowazeki immune serum (which allows only a single round of lysis).