What's the difference between transduction and transfer?

Transduction


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of conveying over.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Preservation of dopaminergic and H1 neurotransmission, probably within the blood barrier, is needed to allow the neuroendocrine transduction of cholinergic inputs, whereas the role of 5-HT neurotransmission remains uncertain.
  • (2) Adhesion and O2- production were also found to be differentially affected by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide and the A2 agonist adenosine, indicating that these neutrophil responses have various transductional pathways that also depend on the type of stimulus.
  • (3) Additionally, the amount of mRNAs for preproenkephalin as well as for the cellular proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos and c-H-ras, which are thought to be mediators of intracellular signal transduction, was determined in hippocampus in these same animals.
  • (4) Our results suggest that multiple receptors and signal transduction pathways are involved in the regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in the rat adrenal medulla.
  • (5) This report examines the timing of changes in the contractile potential of the cortical cytoplasm as the oocyte becomes the egg, and in addition, the signal transduction events which induce these changes.
  • (6) A possible role of the olfactory tubercle in olfactory transduction will also be discussed.
  • (7) Meta II is the form of photolyzed rhodopsin which binds and activates the visual G-protein (Gt); thus, its relative abundance at equilibrium and temporal stability are important parameters in determining the efficiency of visual signal transduction.
  • (8) Some of these transductants segregated certain F14 genes, indicating they were carried on self-replicating genetic elements, but others were not cured of F14 markers, even by acridine orange.
  • (9) This domain is shared by a number of signal transduction proteins including nonreceptor tyrosine kinases such as Abl, Fps, Src, and Src family members, the transforming protein Crk, phospholipase C-gamma 1, PI-3 (phosphatidylinositol) kinase, and guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (GAP).
  • (10) In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that endotoxin- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages are a principle source of TNF; however, membrane signal transduction and intracellular pathways by which LPS triggers TNF production in macrophages are unclear.
  • (11) glycoproteins called leukocyte common Ag (CD45), which are involved in phosphotyrosine signal transduction.
  • (12) These 2 proteins provide a unique model for studying the specificity of signal transduction and gene expression in dopaminoceptive neurons.
  • (13) The response to both IL-3 and GM-CSF was not additive in the presence of an optimal concentration of one cytokine and titrating concentrations of the other indicating that they may use common receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.
  • (14) The changes in both mobility and amino-terminal phosphorylation can be reproduced by known activators of protein kinase C (4 alpha-phorbol 12 beta-myristate, dioctanoylglycerol), suggesting that this signal transduction pathway (or related pathways) mediates at least part of these events.
  • (15) Thus, the gamma 5 and gamma 7 subunits are the first G protein gamma subunits known that could participate in the regulation of widely distributed signal transduction pathways.
  • (16) It is proposed that the left-right axis in Xenopus, as reflected in cardiac looping, is established early in development, and that proteoglycan synthesis is involved in the transduction of left-right axial information to the cardiac primordia during migration.
  • (17) In this case, resistance markers were lost when the transductants became Lac- but the derivatives remained copper resistant.
  • (18) The cyclic adenosine nucleotide pathway is turned off by kinase A activity, whereas the inositol trisphosphate cascade is terminated by kinase C. The data support the concept that desensitization of odorant responses involves phosphorylation of key elements in the transduction cascade.
  • (19) Interleukin 1 (IL-1) mediates many cellular functions, but the signal transduction mechanisms of its actions are not clearly understood.
  • (20) This stimulatory effect of kE on the binding of iE to HSF could be inhibited by neomycin, retinal and pertussis toxin, substances which act at different levels of the transduction mechanism following the activation of the receptor and the subsequent triggering of cell biological events (chemotaxis, modification of calcium fluxes).

Transfer


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To convey from one place or person another; to transport, remove, or cause to pass, to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another; to transfer suspicion.
  • (v. t.) To make over the possession or control of; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to give; as, the title to land is transferred by deed.
  • (v. t.) To remove from one substance or surface to another; as, to transfer drawings or engravings to a lithographic stone.
  • (n.) The act of transferring, or the state of being transferred; the removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another.
  • (n.) The conveyance of right, title, or property, either real or personal, from one person to another, whether by sale, by gift, or otherwise.
  • (n.) That which is transferred.
  • (n.) A picture, or the like, removed from one body or ground to another, as from wood to canvas, or from one piece of canvas to another.
  • (n.) A drawing or writing printed off from one surface on another, as in ceramics and in many decorative arts.
  • (n.) A soldier removed from one troop, or body of troops, and placed in another.
  • (n.) A pathological process by virtue of which a unilateral morbid condition on being abolished on one side of the body makes its appearance in the corresponding region upon the other side.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) We attribute this in part to early diagnosis by computed tomography (CT), but a contributory factor may be earlier referrals from country centres to a paediatric trauma centre and rapid transfer, by air or road, by medical retrieval teams.
  • (2) In conclusion, the efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis is geared mainly at enabling the surgeon to perform a wide radical debridement of infected and nonviable soft tissue and bone.
  • (3) When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
  • (4) Electronmicroscopical investigations have revealed that, under normal conditions, a minor vesicular transfer of intravenously injected peroxidase occurs across the endothelium in segments of arterioles, capillaries and venules, especially in arterioles with a diameter about 15-30 mu.
  • (5) In addition to oncogenes, the transferred DNA contains genes that direct the synthesis and exudation of opines, which are used as nutrients by the bacteria.
  • (6) These data indicate that RNA faithfully transfers "suppressive" as well as "positive" types of immune responses that have been reported previously for lymphocytes obtained directly from tumour-bearing and tumour-immune animals.
  • (7) Mike Ashley told Lee Charnley that maybe he could talk with me last week but I said: ‘Listen, we cannot say too much so I think it’s better if we wait.’ The message Mike Ashley is sending is quite positive, but it was better to talk after we play Tottenham.” Benítez will ask Ashley for written assurances over his transfer budget, control of transfers and other spheres of club autonomy, but can also reassure the owner that the prospect of managing in the second tier holds few fears for him.
  • (8) Schneiderlin, valued at an improbable £27m, and the currently injured Jay Rodriguez are wanted by their former manager Mauricio Pochettino at Spurs, but the chairman Ralph Krueger has apparently called a halt to any more outgoings, saying: “They are part of the core that we have decided to keep at Southampton.” He added: “Jay Rodriguez and Morgan Schneiderlin are not for sale and they will be a part of our club as we enter the new season.” The new manager Ronald Koeman has begun rebuilding by bringing in Dusan Tadic and Graziano Pellè from the Dutch league and Krueger said: “We will have players coming in, we will make transfers to strengthen the squad.
  • (9) From the biochemical markers in follicular fluid, cyclic adenosine monophosphate has a distinct predictive value in regard to pregnancy in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles.
  • (10) We have evaluated the life-span of B lymphocytes by measuring the functional reactivity of normal B cells upon transfer into xid mice, which do not respond to anti-mu, fluoresceinated-Ficoll (FL-Ficoll) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl aminoethylcarbamylmethyl Ficoll (TNP-Ficoll).
  • (11) These two types of transfer functions are appropriate to explain the transition to anaerobic metabolism (anaerobic threshold), with a hyperbolic transfer characteristic representing a graded transition; and a sigmoid transfer characteristic representing an abrupt transition.
  • (12) This mobilization procedure allowed transfer and expression of pJT1 Ag+ resistance in E. coli C600.
  • (13) Ferrocene derivatives, in general, show a degree of versatility, coupling the electron-transfer reactions of many enzymes.
  • (14) They are capable of synthesis and accumulation of glycogen and responsible for its transfer to sites of more intense metabolism (growth, bud, blastema).
  • (15) When labelled long-chain fatty acids or glycerol were infused into the lactating goat, there was extensive transfer of radioactivity into milk in spite of the absence of net uptake of substrate by the mammary gland.
  • (16) Other recommendations for immediate action included a review of the Nursing and Midwifery Council and the General Medical Council for doctors, with possible changes to their structures; the possible transfer of powers to launch criminal prosecutions for care scandals from the Health and Safety Executive to the Care Quality Council; and a new inspection regime, which would focus more closely on how clean, safe and caring hospitals were.
  • (17) Hydrogen isotope effects on these mutants indicate that MotA catalyzes proton transfer.
  • (18) Cloned genes encoding pertussis toxin from B. pertussis were transferred into Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis by conjugation.
  • (19) Median time for ventilatory support was 90 minutes after transfer to the area.
  • (20) 3H-TBOB is then transferred into liver, the primary organ of its metabolic detoxication.