(n.) One who, or that which, transforms. Specif. (Elec.), an apparatus for producing from a given electrical current another current of different voltage.
Example Sentences:
(1) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(2) Augmentation of transformation response was generally not seen at 40 degrees C; incubation at that temperature was associated with decreased cellular viability.
(3) The fibrous matrix and cartilage formed within the nonunion site transformed to osteoid and bone with increased vascularity.
(4) These major departmental transformations are being run in isolation from each other.
(5) Transformed mammalian cells express both the usual NADP-dependent trifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase-synthetase as well as the bifunctional NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase.
(6) A murine keratinocyte cell line that is resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) was examined for differential gene expression patterns that may be related to the mechanism of the loss of TGF beta 1 responsiveness.
(7) The remainder of the radioactivity appeared chromatographically just prior to the bisantrene peak, indicating that compounds more polar than the parent were present as transformation products.
(8) Friend erythroleukemia cells were induced to differentiate by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hexamethylene-bis-acetamide (HBMA) in order to investigate whether their lipid characteristics, common to other systems of transformed cells, revert to a normal differentiation pattern.
(9) This observation not only provides definitive evidence for the photogeneration of O2-, but also indicates that only a fraction of this species is transformed into H2O2 in the absence of SOD.
(10) Despite this alteration in subcellular distribution, the mutant polypeptide retained the ability to induce fibroblast transformation by several parameters, including the ability to display anchorage-independent growth.
(11) We assumed that the sensory messages received at a given level are transformed by a stochastic process, called Alopex, in a way which maximizes responses in central feature analyzers.
(12) At its vanguard is the historic quarter of Barriera di Milano, which is being transformed by an influx of artists and galleries.
(13) These results suggest that a certain minimum level of expression of c-myc is required for the maintenance of ras transformation in NIH 3T3 cells.
(14) It comes as the museum is transforming itself in the wake of major cuts in its government funding and looking more towards private-sector funding, a move that has caused some unease about its future direction.
(15) In keratinocyte lines immortalized by E7 alone, the p53 half-life was found to be similar to that in non-transformed cells; however, it decreased to approximately 1 h following supertransfection of an E6 gene.
(16) A human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell line (IC.1) was characterized for cell surface antigen profile and permissivity to immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
(17) Cryopreserved autologous blood cells may thus restore some patients with CGL in transformation to chronic-phase disease and so may help to prolong life.
(18) The compounds 1-3 in reaction with nicotine aldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde were transformed into appropriate anilides of 2,3-epoxypropionic acid 4-9.
(19) In this paper sensitive and selective bioassays are described for growth factors acting on substrate-attached cells, in particular members of the epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and heparin-binding growth factor families.
(20) Elevated, but variable levels of this protein were observed in proliferating normal fibroblasts and transformed cells of fibroblast, epithelial and lymphoid origin.
Voltage
Definition:
(n.) Electric potential or potential difference, expressed in volts.
Example Sentences:
(1) RNAs encoding a wild-type (RBK1) and a mutant (RBK1(Y379V,V381T); RBK1*) subunit of voltage-dependent potassium channels were injected into Xenopus oocytes.
(2) Modulation of the voltage-gated K+ conductance in T-lymphocytes by substance P was examined.
(3) Serially sectioned rabbit foliate taste buds were examined with high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) and computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstruction.
(4) In voltage-clamp experiments the ion current flowing through the channels was homogeneous indicating a defined conformation and a uniform size.
(5) They possess at least seven distinct voltage-activated conductances.
(6) The junctional currents were already constant 1 ms after step changes in the junctional voltage; this was three orders of magnitude faster than the other known examples of voltage-controlled gap junctions between embryonic cells.
(7) omega-Conotoxin GVIA is a peptide purified from the venom of the marine snail, Conus geographus, that specifically blocks voltage-sensitive calcium channels in neurons.
(8) Detailed voltage-clamp measurements revealed that ABA-activated ion currents could be reversed by depolarizations more positive than -10 mV.
(9) In contrast, the fast block by internal TEA+ appeared virtually independent of voltage.
(10) For those synapses that were close to the soma the time constant for decay for the non-NMDA component, which was voltage insensitive, ranged from 4-8 ms. 7.
(11) The open probability is weakly voltage dependent, large at zero and positive potentials (cytoplasm minus SR lumen), and decreasing at negative potentials.
(12) Using serial-sectioning techniques for conventional transmission and high-voltage electron microscopy, we characterized the ultrastructural features and synaptic contacts of the sensory cell in tentacles of Hydra.
(13) Using the rate coefficient values found by SCoPfit, we simulated a voltage-clamp experiment with both models running under their Na(+)-Na+ exchange mode, and we computed the transient currents generated following voltage steps in both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing directions from a basic potential of -40 mV.
(14) In contrast to the channel closing rate, the opening rate is relatively insensitive to voltage.
(15) [8(-14)C]Inosine monophosphate formed was separated by high-voltage electrophoresis and radioactivity was measured by liquid-scintillation counting.
(16) Acute in vitro application of ADH to mTAL from chronically treated animals induced a further small increase in voltage (22%).
(17) Halothane variably increased the current produced (and therefore the estimated oxygen tension) at all polarizing voltages in saline solution equilibrated with either N2 or air.
(18) According to the duration of filtered QRS (fQRS), to the voltage of root mean square of the terminal 40 ms (RMS 40) and to the duration of low amplitude terminal components of the sinus cycles, ventricular late potentials were detected in nine out of 29 subjects.
(19) omega-Conotoxin (0.1 microM), a potent blocker of N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, reduced by 50-70% the evoked release of both peptides.
(20) In a direct test of the hypothesis that the M2 coat protein of influenza A can function as a proton translocator, we incorporated a synthetic peptide containing its putative transmembrane domain into voltage-clamped planar lipid bilayers.