(v. t.) To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, or the like.
(v. t.) To fortify by cutting a ditch, and raising a rampart or breastwork with the earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench.
(v. t.) To cut furrows or ditches in; as, to trench land for the purpose of draining it.
(v. t.) To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next; as, to trench a garden for certain crops.
(v. i.) To encroach; to intrench.
(v. i.) To have direction; to aim or tend.
(v. t.) A long, narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as, a trench for draining land.
(v. t.) An alley; a narrow path or walk cut through woods, shrubbery, or the like.
(v. t.) An excavation made during a siege, for the purpose of covering the troops as they advance toward the besieged place. The term includes the parallels and the approaches.
Example Sentences:
(1) Its boot always held a bivouac bag, a trenching tool of some sort and a towel and trunks, in case he passed somewhere interesting to sleep, dig, or swim.
(2) The RSC’s Erica Whyman stages a story inspired by a local man, the Royal Warwickshire Regiment’s Captain Bruce Bairnsfather, who was known as the cartoonist of the trenches and survived the war to work at the original Shakespeare Memorial theatre.
(3) Stephen Fisher, one of the archaeologists recording the site, says digging the trenches would also have been training for the men, who would soon have to do it for real, and the little slit trenches scattered across the site, just big enough for one man to cower in, might represent their first efforts.
(4) Upon segregation of the conidium from the phialide cell by conidial wall formation, 'trench-like' invaginations gradually appeared in the plasma membrane and a disorganized rodlet pattern was formed on the outer surface of the maturing conidial wall.
(5) The field was taped off while a mechanical digger clawed at the ground, making parallel trenches in the sandy earth.
(6) Scores of archaeologists working in a waterlogged trench through the wettest summer and coldest winter in living memory have recovered more than 10,000 objects from Roman London , including writing tablets, amber, a well with ritual deposits of pewter, coins and cow skulls, thousands of pieces of pottery, a unique piece of padded and stitched leather – and the largest collection of lucky charms in the shape of phalluses ever found on a single site.
(7) He sees HS2 as a "huge trench across the country where we can learn an awful lot about new sites.
(8) But his attitude gradually hardened, particularly after he reached the trenches.
(9) "It looks solid," said Jean Pascal Zanders, a Belgian expert who runs a blog on chemical weapons called The Trench .
(10) What they learn can be summed up in one word: trenches.
(11) The archaeologists had to wear slippers to preserve the site which, at the bottom of a two-metre trench, picked up much damp.
(12) A variety of cold exposure injuries were discussed, including frostnip, chilblains, trench foot, frostbite, and hypothermia.
(13) Alan Trench, an academic specialising in devolution and adviser to expert government commissions, said: "It's clear that Labour voters generally have concerns about how things are at the moment.
(14) But if trapped deep inside wreckage or an underwater trench, the effectiveness can be hindered.
(15) French troops wearing an early form of gas mask in the trenches during the second Battle of Ypres in 1915.
(16) Keeping within the string lines of your footprint, dig a trench about 15cm deep and lay the foundation stones flat and level.
(17) But according to Wayne Cocroft, an English Heritage expert on wartime archaeology, although 20 other trench training sites have been recorded across Britain, many have been damaged by later development, and both the scale and the state of preservation of the Gosport complex is exceptional.
(18) Working in a location to the southeast of Kathmandu, Paul Tapponnier, an earth scientist at the Earth Observatory of Singapore , and his team dug trenches across the fault and used charcoal to date when it had moved.
(19) There are no trenches, barbed wire fences or tank traps.
(20) Accessory glandular tissues were atrophied and debris filled the trenches of the papillae.
Trough
Definition:
(n.) A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel.
(n.) Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These observations were confirmed by the killing curves in pooled serum obtained at peak and trough levels.
(2) Plasma aldosterone peaked (p < 0.05) at 22 hours after operation, and argine vasopressin peaked (p < 0.05) at two hours and then declined (p < 0.05) to a trough at 24 hours.
(3) Our observations demonstrated that echographic coaptation of the aortic valve leaflets coincides with the trough of the aortic pressure incisura and the onset of A2.
(4) The goal of the expedition, led by Prof Ken Takai of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, was to study the limits of life at deep-sea vents in the Cayman Trough as part of a round-the-world voyage of discovery by the research ship RV Yokosuka .
(5) IDDM in Canterbury, New Zealand, presents in cycles of incidence peaks and troughs, each spanning 2-3 yr.
(6) No IgE circadian rhythm was validated in healthy children while a large amplitude (approximately equal to 30% of the 24 hours mean) circadian rhythm with 2 diurnal peaks and a nocturnal trough was demonstrated (P less than 0.0023) in the asthmatics.
(7) Trough levels of LH, however, are dependent on the frequency of LHRH-induced pulsatile LH secretion.
(8) Appropriate conditions for administering the drug by intravenous drip infusion to neonates and infants at ages of more than 1 week were investigated taking observed blood levels and achieved peak levels and trough levels calculated using the one-compartment open model into account.
(9) Dose limiting toxicities were observed in 9 of 10 patients with 12-h trough piritrexim concentrations greater than 0.5 microM, whereas only 2 of 7 patients with trough concentrations less than 0.5 microM experienced dose limiting toxicities.
(10) Both free and luciferase-bound B show similar negative circular dichroism in the region 330-475 nm with troughs at 375 and 380 nm, respectively.
(11) Whole blood steady-state trough concentrations of cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and TDx assays employing monoclonal antibodies in 82 samples from 39 renal transplant patients.
(12) Regression analysis also showed a strong relationship between the area under the curve (AUC) from time 0 to 11 hours after the initial dose and the trough at steady state (r = 0.86).
(13) algebraic sum of these three cosine functions yielded a circadian waveform with peak-times occurring near 0300 and 1130 hr and a trough-time about 2200 hr.
(14) Group I represented the modified "over-the-top" technique with a deep cancellous bone trough and represented the most isometric tracking.
(15) Circular dichroic spectra of the lipophorins and apolipophorin from 190 to 250 nm showed a single trough at 218 nm and a peak at 194 nm.
(16) • The best ideas are tested by their peaks and troughs.
(17) During the estrous cycle, mitotic activity of the granulosa cells was highest at estrus in follicles less than 601 micron, and at diestrus in follicles greater than 600 micron; while the mitotic trough was at proestrus in all the follicles.
(18) Data analysis revealed a seasonal pattern in the monthly distribution of births, with the peak period observed during April-June, and a trough during November-January.
(19) The issues in CsA monitoring include selection of sample matrix, analytical method, dosing interval and the timing of trough measurements, the temporal relationship between measurements and physiological events such as toxicity, the concurrent presence of multiple other immunosuppressive agents, and the lack of "gold standards" for determining rejection, adequate immunosuppression, and toxicity.
(20) The addition of LTB4 to the microsomal fraction gave a type-I spectral change with a peak at around 390 nm and a trough at 422 nm, indicating a direct interaction of LTB4 with the cytochrome P-450.