(a.) Lying under or beneath; hence, fundamental; as, the underlying strata of a locality; underlying principles.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Because of the short detachment interval, and the absence of underlying pathology or trauma, the recovery process described here probably represents an example of optimum recovery after retinal reattachment.
(3) Steroids are not recommended because they may compromise defenses against an underlying disease process.
(4) The results obtained further knowledge of the anatomy of the nuclei, specifically the areas used for the prosthesis implantation and the underlying tissue.
(5) The final model has a probability 0.08 of underlying survival time being zero and, given non-zero survival time, takes the form of an exponential distribution with mean of 14.95 months.
(6) Certain underlying factors in several types of retinal degeneration are first discussed, followed by characteristics of diabetic maculopathy and of other types of macular degeneration including that due to aging.
(7) Contributing factors could include advanced age and underlying clinical or subclinical brain disease.
(8) In all cases, the evaluation depends on the continuous observance of the patients, taking into account any underlying primary illness (alcoholism, cerebral vascular disease, conditions following brain surgery or trauma).
(9) Recent rapid developments in molecular biology have started to clarify the underlying pathophysiology of various neurological diseases.
(10) The aim of this study was clarify the physiopathological mechanisms underlying atrial pauses as well as to evaluate the sensitivity of sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) directly measured on SNE and of SACT estimated with the indirect Strauss method with respect to the detection of SSS.
(11) The second has various underlying diseases, such as chronic hypertension or renal disease, etc..
(12) Skeletal muscle mtDNA of three patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, characterized clinically by myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber (MERRF) syndrome, has been sequenced to determine the underlying molecular defect(s).
(13) Alveoli underlying the plasma membrane sometimes contain binding sites, particularly on their outer membranes.
(14) Predictions were comparatively poor for the underlying disorder category (10%).
(15) Both IGF-I and growth hormone have the potential to improve muscle mass and function in patients who are catabolic due to the severity of their underlying disease state.
(16) The mechanisms underlying the three types of Cd effects on the frog skin were discussed in relation to the Na, K-ATPase activity.
(17) The median age of patients with bacteremia of unknown origin was 65 years, and their most common underlying disorders were solid malignancy (28% of patients) and diabetes mellitus (18%).
(18) We postulate that an abnormality in retinal dopaminergic neurons, which are known to reduce light responsiveness of horizontal and ganglion cells, is the underlying pathophysiology of this clinical finding.
(19) The development of renal insufficiency during enalapril therapy may be exacerbated by concomitant diuretic therapy and should raise the suspicion of underlying transplant renal-artery stenosis.
(20) In each case the finding of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) strongly suggested an underlying vasculitic pathology, Wegener's granulomatosis.
Underpinning
Definition:
(p. pr. & vb. n.) of Underpin
(n.) The act of one who underpins; the act of supporting by stones, masonry, or the like.
(n.) That by which a building is underpinned; the material and construction used for support, introduced beneath a wall already constructed.
(n.) The foundation, esp. of a frame house.
Example Sentences:
(1) Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband accepted the Tory idea of a royal charter to establish a new press regulatory body but insisted it be underpinned in statute and said there should be guarantees of the body's independence.
(2) Progress on treaties underpinning nuclear disarmament – which have too long been stalled – has also recently begun to look more hopeful, with renewed prospects for achieving the entry into force of the comprehensive test ban treaty and for starting negotiations on a treaty to ban the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive purposes.
(3) No party is better placed to lead the country on our next step in the journey and we must bring others with us as we seek to deliver on our exciting vision of a vibrant economy underpinning a much fairer society.
(4) Scotland's Rural Affairs Secretary Richard Lochhead said: "Scotland is rightly hailed as a land of food and drink, which is underpinned by the record exports achieved in both areas in 2011.
(5) He said recapitalisation of banks around the world amounted to around $900bn, while countries had underpinned their banking systems with $7tn of guarantees.
(6) Given that clinical services, and the biomedical and comparative effectiveness research that underpins them, change over time, it makes medical and financial sense to regularly review them.
(7) The structural underpinnings of these internal problems are assumed inconsequential and not addressed, and so is the international dimension.
(8) The Conservative peer and chancellor of the University of Oxford took the view – rightly – two decades ago that Hong Kong’s prosperity was underpinned by a free and plural society.
(9) These emerging signals are consistent with what we expect from our projections, giving us confidence in the science and models that underpin them.
(10) May urges her ministerial colleagues to use the code to underpin their conduct as part of efforts to create a “fairer Britain” where “everybody plays by the same rules”.
(11) Since one of the underpinnings of education is threatened by reductions in library collections, actions must be taken by publishers, librarians, faculty, and professional associations to ameliorate the present situation and to limit additional increases in serial prices.
(12) Resisting protectionism and promoting global trade and investment 22.World trade growth has underpinned rising prosperity for half a century.
(13) "The public realm and the free market realm are subject to inherent weaknesses that have got to be underpinned by having shared values that lead to shared rules," he says, in some version, many times.
(14) For underpinning the president's success was a shift in the very nature of the US electorate, with white voters accounting for a smaller share than ever before.
(15) The thinking underpinned the next nine months of no campaigning: the risks that Scotland could not use the pound, fears about the health and strength of Scotland’s economy without the UK single market, or that it would be unable to join the European Union.
(16) Since Freud's (1911) explication of the nature of paranoia, much has been written concerning the dynamic underpinnings of the illness but less have been detailed regarding its manifestations structurally.
(17) But the banking catastrophes of 2007 and 2008 taught us that only "core" capital – the rock-solid equity underpinning banks' balance sheets – counts in a proper crisis.
(18) The European human rights convention, on which the 1998 act is closely based, is “an entirely sensible statement of the principles which should underpin any democratic nation”.
(19) This is more difficult than it sounds, because it means challenging assumptions that have underpinned health policy in recent years.
(20) He said he accepted the principle of independent regulation, arguing that the current system "is badly broken and it has let down victims" – but insisted that any proposal to underpin a new regulator with a law, as proposed by Leveson, would "cross the Rubicon" of state intervention into press freedom.