What's the difference between vanadious and vanadous?
Vanadious
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or containing, vanadium; specifically, designating those compounds in which vanadium has a lower valence as contrasted with the vanadic compounds; as, vanadious acid.
Example Sentences:
Vanadous
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to vanadium; obtained from vanadium; -- said of an acid containing one equivalent of vanadium and two of oxygen.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, within 5 min potassium overcame the vanadate potentiation of ouabain binding regardless of the order in which it was added to the reaction mixture.
(2) Vanadate-dependent oxidation of either pyridine nucleotide was inhibited by the addition of either superoxide dismutase or catalase, indicating that both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide may be intermediates in the process.
(3) Vanadate(V) required the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to trigger co-oxygenation of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol.
(4) Sodium vanadate-dependent oxidation of NADH was inhibited by rotenone, antimycin A, NaN3, and NaCN.
(5) Forskolin as well as agents that activate G protein such as cholera toxin, AlF4-, and vanadate ions also increase the rate of secretion.
(6) Vanadate induces phosphotyrosine accumulation and activates O2 consumption in permeabilized differentiated HL60 cells.
(7) The peptide also inhibited stimulation by vanadate of tyrosine autophosphorylation of the beta subunit of the receptor, though it enhanced vanadate-stimulated glucose oxidation.
(8) A similar synergism occurred between vanadate and IGF-II.
(9) H2O2 and vanadate are known insulinomimetic agents.
(10) In studies examining the relationship between protein synthesis and vanadate-induced down-regulation, we found that vanadate markedly stimulated the overall rate of protein synthesis in 24-h treated adipocytes (a 42% increase; ED50, 3 microM), and that cycloheximide treatment markedly blunted vanadate-induced loss of cell surface receptors.
(11) An assay for quantifying the extent of formation of the vanadate-based transition-state analogue complexes in crystals of phosphoglucomutase is described.
(12) Such oxidation of NAD(P)H may account for several of the biological effects of vanadate.
(13) Actin assembly, studied using 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD)-phallacidin, was similarly stimulated by vanadate, though considerably higher concentrations were required to observe this effect.
(14) To further characterize the role of superoxide anion-radical in the vanadium redox cycling, the increase of optical density of vanadate(V) dissolved in Tris buffer was measured at 328 nm during the addition of KO2.
(15) For these experiments a substantial inhibition of the Ca2+ buffer capacity of the axoplasm was achieved by the use of Ruthenium red (10-20 microM), cyanide (1 mM) and vanadate (1 mM) in the dialysis solution.
(16) Vanadate increased, mainly in vascular myocells, both receptor-operated Ca2+ channel- and cyclic-AMP-dependent availability of Ca2+ for contractile processes.
(17) The intracellular Na content was increased slightly by vanadate.
(18) The capacity of tolbutamide and glibenclamide to relax vanadate-induced contraction of rat uterus in Ca-free medium suggests that sulphonylureas may have an intracellular site of action related to cytosolic free Ca levels, or effect a reduction in Ca action.
(19) Oxidation of NADH has been observed in an in vitro system requiring NADH, vanadate, ascorbate, and phosphate.
(20) The work described in this paper suggests vanadate will not necessarily undergo redox chemistry with enzymes containing thiol groups exposed on the surface of the protein.