(n.) A rare element of the nitrogen-phosphorus group, found combined, in vanadates, in certain minerals, and reduced as an infusible, grayish-white metallic powder. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having both basic and acid properties. Symbol V (or Vd, rarely). Atomic weight 51.2.
Example Sentences:
(1) N-Methylformamide extracts of acid-treated precipitated VFe protein of the V-nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum are yellow-brown in colour and contain vanadium, iron and acid-labile sulphur in the approximate proportions 1:6:5.
(2) To further characterize the role of superoxide anion-radical in the vanadium redox cycling, the increase of optical density of vanadate(V) dissolved in Tris buffer was measured at 328 nm during the addition of KO2.
(3) The oxidative properties of Vv can be used in the photocolorimetric determination of those reducers which give no other reactions with vanadium ions-penta and tetravalent.
(4) The amount of lead excreted in feces decreased, however, with administration of oxythiamine and vanadium.
(5) 51V nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to investigate the interactions between ammonium vanadate and sugar phosphates and the formation of vanadium--sugar phosphate complexes that may be involved in the stimulation of the catalytic activity of the isomerases.
(6) Two sites of vanadium action in green algae are discussed.
(7) In presence of vanadium, the chlorophyll formation was stimulated in Scenedesmus obliquus.
(8) 2-Mercaptosuccinic and ascorbic acids were not effective as antidotes for parenteral vanadium intoxication.
(9) Hepatic, renal, and femur vanadium concentrations were usually reduced at the higher levels of NaCl supplementation, but there was little correlation between these reductions and the reversal of vanadate toxicity.
(10) The 1-H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of living tunicate blood cells was examined in an attempt to develop a biophysical assay for the native vanadium chromogen.
(11) Plasma protein exchange reactions were also studied on hydrophilic titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and silver (Ag) surfaces.
(12) Thus, interference by oxyvanadium did not appear to be related to changes in pH of samples containing vanadium oxyions.
(13) veratridine, sanguinarine nitrate, penicillic acid, vanadium pentoxide, harmaline-HCI,5,5'-diphenyl hydantoin, quindonium bromide, and methyl quinolizinum bromide) provides strong evidence that the observed species-related differences are highly specific for cardiotonic steroids.
(14) Significant concentrations of vanadate dimer and tetramer are only found at fairly high vanadate concentrations, so these species are not likely to represent vanadium species present under normal physiological conditions.
(15) It is postulated that free-radical redox cycling of vanadium may be responsible for the observed pulmonary toxicity.
(16) The mechanism of vanadium ions action as well as differences between vanadate and vanadyl ions effects are discussed.
(17) To obtain the usual values of arsenic, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, mercury, methyl mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, vanadium, and zinc in the normal human body, the amounts of 15 metals were determined in 15 male and 15 female Japanese cadavers (average weight, 55 kg [121 lb]).
(18) Less than 2% supplement molybdenum or vanadium and do so only when administering total parenteral nutrition.
(19) A similar process might contribute to the toxic and pharmacological effects of vanadium salts.
(20) Vanadium in the 4+ (vanadyl-ion) and 5+ (vanadate-ion) oxidation state stimulates furosemide-sensitive electrogenic Cl- secretion in isolated epithelia of rabbit descending colon.
Vanadyl
Definition:
(n.) The hypothetical radical VO, regarded as a characterized residue of certain vanadium compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) Electron spin resonance studies indicate the formation of two vanadyl complexes that are 1:1 in vanadyl and deferoxamine, but have two or three bound hydroxamate groups.
(2) These findings indicate that short-term oral treatment of diabetic rats with vanadyl induces beneficial changes that persist following withdrawal of the treatment.
(3) Addition of ferritin at the concentration used for measuring iron release prevented vanadyl-induced NADH oxidation.
(4) The magnitude of this potassium loss suggests a damage of the plasma membrane caused by vanadyl.
(5) The effects of oral vanadyl sulfate administration for 9-12 days on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the basal state and on glucose dynamics during submaximal hyperinsulinemic clamps were investigated in nondiabetic and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.
(6) The mechanism of vanadium ions action as well as differences between vanadate and vanadyl ions effects are discussed.
(7) No proline hydroxylation was detected during peroxidation of linoleic acid by vanadyl(IV).
(8) Iron-saturated transferrin does not bind the vanadyl ion.
(9) The cyclase activity was inhibited by vanadyl but not by vanadate in the presence of these stimulators.
(10) The reduction of cytochrome c by vanadyl sulfate was also SOD-insensitive.
(11) Vanadium in the 4+ (vanadyl-ion) and 5+ (vanadate-ion) oxidation state stimulates furosemide-sensitive electrogenic Cl- secretion in isolated epithelia of rabbit descending colon.
(12) In conclusion, these results show that augmentation of peripheral glucose utilization is the major determinant of the antidiabetic action of vanadyl and support the notion that the action of vanadyl is independent of insulin-receptor kinase activity.
(13) From the spectral parameters and a comparison with inorganic vanadyl complexes, we conclude that the ligand environment largely consists of oxygen donors.
(14) The information obtained also allows some considerations concerning the probable coordination sphere of the vanadyl ion.
(15) Upon reduction with sodium dithionite, these bromoperoxidases show EPR spectra which are typical of a vanadyl cation (VO2+).
(16) Vanadyl ions may be used for reactivation of apodopamine beta-monooxygenase.
(17) Orthovanadate is a little less effective then metavanadate; vanadyl sulfate is even less efficient, and the effect of Cu2+ at the same concentration is still lower.
(18) The vanadate and vanadyl forms of vanadium have been shown by many investigators to have insulinlike effects on glucose metabolism.
(19) Instead, NADPH was required for the synthesis of superoxide, which triggered the formation of peroxovanadyl [V(4+)-OO] and vanadyl hydroperoxide [V(4+)-OOH].
(20) A novel family of vanadyl ion (VO2+, oxidation state +4) carriers is introduced.