(a.) Of or pertaining to a velum; esp. (Anat.) of or pertaining to the soft palate.
(a.) Having the place of articulation on the soft palate; guttural; as, the velar consonants, such as k and hard q.
Example Sentences:
(1) This study examined the frequency of occurrence of velar deviations in spontaneous single-word utterances over a 6-month period for 40 children who ranged in age from 1:11 (years:months) to 3:1 at the first observation.
(2) The perception of voicing in final velar stop consonants was investigated by systematically varying vowel duration, change in offset frequency of the final first formant (F1) transition, and rate of frequency change in the final F1 transition for several vowel contexts.
(3) This ten-year study reviews 36 patients with complete clefts of the hard and soft palates treated with primary velar closure, bilateral myringotomies, and tubings performed when the infant was 12 to 15 months of age.
(4) The normal velopharyngeal mechanism has the capacity to successfully overcome the imbalance between pharyngeal dimensions and velar length caused by adenoid removal.
(5) Low age-weighted scores on production of velars, liquids, and postvocalic singleton obstruents, along with elevated thresholds at 500 Hz and a history of early onset and late remission from OME, were the most important variables characterizing children who did not catch up phonologically by age 3.
(6) Productions of target voiced and voiceless alveolar and velar stops were transcribed and acoustically analyzed before and after treatment that was administered on a predetermined contrast.
(7) The movements of the external lever reflect the movement of the internal lever as it follows velar movement and are recorded as an analog signal using an optoelectronic position-sensing system.
(8) Lingual-palatal contact patterns for the velar stops differed for vowel environment but not for voicing.
(9) Timing of peak velar displacement was statistically associated with timing of peak intraoral air pressure in one subject.
(10) Experiment II: The role of the TVP muscle in velar movements was investigated from the standpoint of upper airway patency.
(11) The purpose of the present study was to determine how a loss of velar resistance associated with velopharyngeal inadequacy affects speech pressures and airflow.
(12) Neurons of the outer nerve ring also synapse onto velar, radial fibers and the sphincter muscle.
(13) The mobility of the soft palate tends to interfere with velar extensions.
(14) Trajectories of the velar fleshpoint in the midsagittal plane were demonstrated.
(15) Ratings of velar-pharyngeal contact and ratings of adenoid size were obtained from the films.
(16) Two ways of calibrating the device are proposed so as to allow the measurement of absolute velar elevation (from rest position).
(17) The velar mechanism was perturbed by having subjects voluntarily lower the soft palate during a series of words involving plosive consonants.
(18) After transection of the TVP muscle at the pterygoid hamulus, the contraction of the TVP muscle did not produce any velar movements.
(19) Although sophisticated techniques for estimating velopharyngeal port area during speech are available, clinicians continue to seek approaches for screening patients with suspected velar inadequacy.
(20) When respiratory and temporal responses were assessed together, the findings revealed that airflow and temporal changes minimized the fall of pressure as velar resistance declined across groups.
Velum
Definition:
(n.) Curtain or covering; -- applied to various membranous partitions, especially to the soft palate. See under Palate.
(n.) See Veil, n., 3 (b).
(n.) A thin membrane surrounding the sporocarps of quillworts Isoetes).
(n.) A veil-like organ or part.
(n.) The circular membrane that partially incloses the space beneath the umbrella of hydroid medusae.
(n.) A delicate funnel-like membrane around the flagellum of certain Infusoria. See Illust. a of Protozoa.
Example Sentences:
(1) MRI revealed cranium bifida and agenesis of anterior medullar velum.
(2) To compare biochemical differences between bivalves with and without endosymbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria, specimens of Solemya velum, a bivalve species known to contain bacterial endosymbionts, and the symbiont-free soft-shelled clam Mya arenaria, were collected from the same subtidal reducing sediments during October and November 1988.
(3) The Z-plasties facilitate effective dissection and redirection of the palatal muscles to produce an overlapping muscle sling and lengthen the velum without using tissue from the hard palate, which permits hard palate closure without pushback or lateral relaxing incisions.
(4) We now report that, compared to controls, rats with acute EAE exhibit fewer detectable mast cells in their dura mater and velum interpositum.
(5) The superior medullary velum was not recognized in 10 cases and the corpus medullare in 5.
(6) Its efficacy is generally accepted, and its use, especially in cases of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, is the only treatment of the palatal velum at present practiced.
(7) The axons originate in dorsal dendrites, run dorsally along the border of the gray matter and pierce the velum medullare on the contralateral side.
(8) While coughing the movement of the velum is purely passive because of the exspirational thrust.
(9) The velopharyngeal closure patterns can be grouped into five categories according to the manner of the velum and lateral pharyngeal wall movements.
(10) Few 5-HT nerve terminals occurred only on the roof of the fourth ventricle (velum medullare, lamina epithelialis of the tela chorioidea), and the surface of the choroid plexus epithelia was devoid of such nerves.
(11) The inferior medullary velum and tela choroidea were removed intact from the fourth ventricle, post-osmicated, dehydrated, critical point dried, coated with palladium-gold and examined in a Cambridge Stereoscan S4 scanning electron microscope.
(12) The clinical presentation, radiological findings, and surgical management of two cases of meningioma arising from the velum interpositum without dural attachment are described.
(13) The delta 13C and delta 15N ratios of the amino acids are very similar to the isotope ratios previously found in both the endosymbionts and whole tissues of S. velum.
(14) Five patients evaluated via multi-view videofluoroscopy were found to have incongruous movements between the velum and lateral aspects of the pharyngeal walls.
(15) They are lined on the inside towards the distal part of the velum by thin epithelium and towards the proximal part by ciliated sensory cells.
(16) The cerebellum, the beginning of which was already noted at stages 13 and 14, consists of (1) a rostral part that arises from the alar plate of the isthmic segment and will form the superior medullary velum and part of the corpus cerebelli; and (2) a caudal part that develops from rhombomere 1.
(17) The measuring principle is described and the movements of the velum during speech production are demonstrated in cleft palate patients with different speech results.
(18) In individuals without pharyngeal flap surgery the velum was displaced in the anterior direction and its position could be influenced by the pushback of the mandible.
(19) In addition to this permanement neurogenous myoclonus, there are also rhythmical contractions of the velum, usually considered to be psychogenous.
(20) The second procedure is for use after exeresis involving all or almost all of the soft palate and a half of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and makes use of velum palatinum reconstruction.