(a.) Of or pertaining to a velum; esp. (Anat.) of or pertaining to the soft palate.
(a.) Having the place of articulation on the soft palate; guttural; as, the velar consonants, such as k and hard q.
Example Sentences:
(1) This study examined the frequency of occurrence of velar deviations in spontaneous single-word utterances over a 6-month period for 40 children who ranged in age from 1:11 (years:months) to 3:1 at the first observation.
(2) The perception of voicing in final velar stop consonants was investigated by systematically varying vowel duration, change in offset frequency of the final first formant (F1) transition, and rate of frequency change in the final F1 transition for several vowel contexts.
(3) This ten-year study reviews 36 patients with complete clefts of the hard and soft palates treated with primary velar closure, bilateral myringotomies, and tubings performed when the infant was 12 to 15 months of age.
(4) The normal velopharyngeal mechanism has the capacity to successfully overcome the imbalance between pharyngeal dimensions and velar length caused by adenoid removal.
(5) Low age-weighted scores on production of velars, liquids, and postvocalic singleton obstruents, along with elevated thresholds at 500 Hz and a history of early onset and late remission from OME, were the most important variables characterizing children who did not catch up phonologically by age 3.
(6) Productions of target voiced and voiceless alveolar and velar stops were transcribed and acoustically analyzed before and after treatment that was administered on a predetermined contrast.
(7) The movements of the external lever reflect the movement of the internal lever as it follows velar movement and are recorded as an analog signal using an optoelectronic position-sensing system.
(8) Lingual-palatal contact patterns for the velar stops differed for vowel environment but not for voicing.
(9) Timing of peak velar displacement was statistically associated with timing of peak intraoral air pressure in one subject.
(10) Experiment II: The role of the TVP muscle in velar movements was investigated from the standpoint of upper airway patency.
(11) The purpose of the present study was to determine how a loss of velar resistance associated with velopharyngeal inadequacy affects speech pressures and airflow.
(12) Neurons of the outer nerve ring also synapse onto velar, radial fibers and the sphincter muscle.
(13) The mobility of the soft palate tends to interfere with velar extensions.
(14) Trajectories of the velar fleshpoint in the midsagittal plane were demonstrated.
(15) Ratings of velar-pharyngeal contact and ratings of adenoid size were obtained from the films.
(16) Two ways of calibrating the device are proposed so as to allow the measurement of absolute velar elevation (from rest position).
(17) The velar mechanism was perturbed by having subjects voluntarily lower the soft palate during a series of words involving plosive consonants.
(18) After transection of the TVP muscle at the pterygoid hamulus, the contraction of the TVP muscle did not produce any velar movements.
(19) Although sophisticated techniques for estimating velopharyngeal port area during speech are available, clinicians continue to seek approaches for screening patients with suspected velar inadequacy.
(20) When respiratory and temporal responses were assessed together, the findings revealed that airflow and temporal changes minimized the fall of pressure as velar resistance declined across groups.
Volar
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.
Example Sentences:
(1) Each subject applied a vehicle cream containing 0.075% capsaicin (Axsain, GalenPharma Inc.) to a 4 cm2 area of skin on one volar forearm and vehicle alone to an identical treatment area on the other forearm, according to a double-blind procedure.
(2) Weakness of the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus is usually related to an isolated paralysis of the anterior interosseous nerve in the volar aspect of the forearm.
(3) The procedure to accomplish this end utilizes the measured thermal pain threshold, surface temperature, exposure time, and incident energy on a standardized skin site (volar surface of the forearm) to obtain conductivity values.
(4) It is suggested that this is due to the fact that the small animals have discrete, elevated volar pads.
(5) The treatment of a Smith type-II fracture is a volar buttress plate unless extended comminution is present.
(6) Volar subluxation of the tendons of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist occurred in two patients after surgery for treatment of de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis.
(7) Bleeding into the anterior muscles and into the volar aspect of the wrist, on the other hand, was complicated by contracture, neuropathy, or both in six cases.
(8) Histologic examination of the volar carpal ligament showed fibrocartilaginous changes suggesting a progressive degenerative phenomenon.
(9) Using a volar technique, rather than the traditional dorsal method, allows stabilization of the constructed metacarpophalangeal joint and maximizes flexor function.
(10) We have constructed a device for standardized radiodiagnostics of ulnar, volar, and radial capsulo-ligamentous lesions of the basal thumb joint.
(11) The tests, performed on volar forearm skin, were removed after a 24-h application.
(12) The effect of application site on anthralin inflammation was measured at 10 clinically normal volar skin sites on each forearm of 31 subjects as the increase in skin thickness at 48 h using Harpenden calipers.
(13) This report describes the successful use of a free sensory medial plantar flap for the reconstruction of the volar skin of the index finger.
(14) This study examined input-output relation of the somatosensory system in response to mechanical air-puff stimuli applied to the volar aspect of the tip of the index finger.
(15) This was achieved with good result by release of all the retaining ligaments around the proximal interphalangeal joint including both the collateral ligaments, the volar plate, the transverse retinacular ligaments, and extensor tenolysis.
(16) The interval between injury and the onset of symptoms of volar compartment syndrome varied between 12 and 48 hours.
(17) The flag flap, elevated from the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx, may be employed as a one-stage procedure to cover a loss of soft tissue on the volar aspect of the adjacent finger, the staff of the flap running over an oblique web-space incision.
(18) We decided to test Chrysaora hysoscella dermotoxicity on healthy volunteers by cutting a Chrysaora hysoscella tentacle and placing it on a gauze soaked in a solution of 3% NaCl and applying then to the volar side of the right wrist for one minute.
(19) This provides good quality cover to the volar aspect and avoids bulk on the dorsum.
(20) For these sites thin and pliant fasciocutaneous flaps are ideal tissue transfers, and we favour the radial forearm flap which is raised from the distal volar forearm.