(n.) One of the serial segments of the spinal column.
(n.) One of the central ossicles in each joint of the arms of an ophiuran.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is concluded that during exposure to simulated microgravity early signs of osteoporosis occur in the tibial spongiosa and that changes in the spongy matter of tubular bones and vertebrae are similar and systemic.
(2) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(3) The various changes were accompanied by a marked reduction in the overall wet weight of the vertebrae.
(4) The BMD of the 2nd to 4th lumbar vertebrae was measured and the mean density presented as g cm-2.
(5) All the vertebrae were agenetic below the thoracic segments in the other rat fetus.
(6) Neusticosaurus species are easiest separated by their number of presacral vertebrae.
(7) This was followed by a gradual density increase such that by 1 year postoperatively, in 60% of the subjects, the density of these vertebrae was higher than the preoperative level.
(8) The characteristic injuries were compression wedge-shaped fractures, multiple fractures of the vertebrae, comminuted and traumatic spondylolistheses and dislocation fractures.
(9) They make it possible to dissect, by spending minimal time and making less efforts, the vertebral canal both within several vertebrae and its nearly full length, providing a wide view of the spinal cord, rootlets, and intervertebral ganglia.
(10) The Authors describe the moniliform structure of dorsal aorta of the Cyprinus carpio L., which has successive swellings and constrictions, strictly corresponding to each vertebra.
(11) He also had multiple follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas with a metastatic lesion in the lumbar vertebrae.
(12) In older children, there were a low vertebral signal and disappearance of the disc-vertebra borders on T1-weighted images and a high vertebral signal with a decreased and flattened disc signal on T2-weighted images.
(13) Hyperthermia was applied in the region of the vertebral column between the cervical vertebrae 5 and thoracic 2, using a ring-shaped applicator operating at a microwave frequency of 434 MHz.
(14) The authors report on their experience with 23 patients with destructive disease of the vertebrae.
(15) In 20 patients, vertebral deformities were limited to 1 or 2 mid-thoracic vertebrae, and the mean CaBI values for these 20 patients was 0.81 (0.15), equal to that for patients without any vertebral deformity.
(16) Both conditions are inherited and characterised by malformed thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
(17) The injured vertebra is grafted through the pedicle, giving security against late collapse after device removal.
(18) The authors describe two types of pelvic obliquity--total pelvic obliquity in which the sacrum is the lowest vertebra of the lumbar curve and subtotal pelvic obliquity in which there is some compensation between L5 and the sacrum.
(19) Although anterior and posterior traumatic displacement of cervical vertebrae are commonly noted, and the devastating neurological deficits associated with these injuries have been amply defined, lateral displacement with fractures has been rarely recognized, and the clinical significance of this injury has been overlooked.
(20) The T-1 nerve root obstructs posterolateral access to the T-1 vertebra, necessitating an inferolateral approach underneath the T-1 nerve root axilla.
Zygapophysis
Definition:
(n.) One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra.
Example Sentences:
(1) Seven out of ten consecutive patients presenting with suspected cervical headache were found to suffer pain mediated by the third occipital nerve and stemming from a C2-3 zygapophysial joint.
(2) None of the five patients with asymptomatic joints was misdiagnosed as having symptomatic zygapophysial joints.
(3) Thus, manual diagnosis by a trained manipulative therapist can be as accurate as can radiologically-controlled diagnostic blocks in the diagnosis of cervical zygapophysial syndromes.
(4) The ability of a manipulative therapist to diagnose symptomatic cervical zygapophysial joint syndromes accurately was evaluated in a series of 20 patients.
(5) Occult injury to cervical intervertebral discs, vertebral end plates and cervical zygapophysial joints may be responsible for "whiplash" symptoms in some who are involved in motor vehicle accidents.
(6) One of the putative causes of headache is osteoarthritis of the C2-3 zygapophysial joint.
(7) It was shown that some intervertebral joints do exhibit an increased ability to rotate when in some degree of sub-maximal flexion dependent on the morphology of the zygapophysial joints.
(8) Rotational ability was shown, in general, to be increased in a flexed posture, presumed to be due to an opening of the lumbar zygapophysial joints.
(9) A report of a case of haematogenous infection of a lumbar zygapophysial joint.
(10) In full flexion axial rotation is limited, most probably by tightening of the posterior ligaments and zygapophysial joint capsules.
(11) Further, when zygapophysis structure is used to define vertebral type, rather than presence or absence of rib facets, there is a substantial change in thoracic and lumbar averages that may be important from a functional (locomotion) standpoint.
(12) The manipulative therapist identified correctly all 15 patients with proven symptomatic zygapophysial joints, and specified correctly the segmental level of the symptomatic joint.
(13) Diagnostic cervical medial branch blocks and zygapophysial joint blocks were used to test the hypothesis that the cervical zygapophyseal joints can be the source of pain in patients with idiopathic neck pain.
(14) Five linear and 2 angular measurements on each of C3 to T1 in a sample of 67 human skeletons were used to examine 3 hypotheses about the function of uncinate processes and zygapophysial joints in the cervical vertebral column.
(15) The high yield of positive responders in this study probably reflects the propensity of patients with zygapophysial joint syndromes to gravitate to a pain clinic when this condition is not recognised in conventional clinical practice.