(n.) An arrow, having a rotary motion, formerly used with the crossbow. Cf. Vireton.
Example Sentences:
(1) The virE locus that is responsible for the efficiency of infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (T. Hirooka and C. Kado, J. Bacteriol.
(2) Of six vir region complementation groups (virA, virB, virG, virC, virD, and virE) examined by using fusions to reporter genes, the promoters of only two (virC and virD) responded to the ros mutation.
(3) Mutations in these loci eliminate (virA, virB, virD and virG) or significantly restrict (virC and virE) the ability of Agrobacterium to transform plant cells.
(4) The promoter region of virE was analyzed by using gene fusions to promoterless cat and lux genes.
(5) One inducible complex is determined by the virE locus, two Ti-plasmid-dependent complexes are constitutively expressed, and a fourth one is controlled by chromosomal genes.
(6) Deletion of this vir box only completely abolished induction of the virE gene.
(7) "The main allegation is that senior officials at Revenue and Customs have acted ultra vires [beyond their powers] and we are duty bound to take that seriously," she said.
(8) Genetic complementation with mutant and wild-type alleles led to the identification of the virE locus at the right boundary, which was located about 6 kilobases from the left border of the segment of DNA that is transferred into the plant genome.
(9) To investigate the minimum sequences necessary for vir gene induction a deletion derivative of virE that lacks the vir box region was used.
(10) According to the whistleblower's submission to the committee, the estimate of future profits is ultra vires .
(11) Virulence of a virE2 mutant was restored by mixed infection with strains carrying an intact vir region, but not with virA, virB, virD, virE, or virG mutants or chvA, chvB, or exoC mutants.
(12) virE is transcribed from left to right toward the T region.
(13) We established the kinetics of induction for virB, virD, virE, and virG by using lacZ fusions, and we found that the virB mutant strain could not adapt to this low-pH medium unless 1 mM CaCl2 was added.
(14) Active vir fragments contained the strongly acetosyringone-inducible promoters of virB, virC, virD, and virE and the weakly inducible promoters of virA and virG.
(15) virE operon constructs with specific lesions in either virE1 or virE2 were impaired for complementation of pTiA6 delta E. Several mutations specific for the promoter-proximal virE1 locus appeared to have a polar effect on expression of the virE2-encoded 60-kDa protein.
(16) In the present communication, we have analyzed the virE operon at the molecular level.
(17) The virulence regulon of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens TiC58 plasmid is composed of six operons, virA, virB, virG, virC, virD and virE, which direct the transfer of T-DNA into plant cells.
(18) The nucleotide sequence of virE revealed three open reading frames, arranged as an operon, with a potential coding capacity for proteins of 9, 7.1, and 63.5 kilodaltons.
(19) This locus is very similar to the virE locus of octopine type Ti plasmids on the basis of nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons as well as genetic complementation analyses.
(20) virE is 2.0 kilobases long and encodes at least one protein of 69 kilodaltons.
Virge
Definition:
(n.) A wand. See Verge.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have conducted a mutational analysis of the VirG protein.
(2) Translation initiation codons for all vir genes, except virG, are preceded by sequences homologous to the ribosome binding site sequences found in E. coli.
(3) This attracts Ti-plasmid harbouring A. tumefaciens to wound sites, where the higher acetosyringone concentrations lead to virA and virG-mediated induction of the vir-genes.
(4) VirG overproduced in Escherichia coli was purified from inclusion bodies.
(5) Additional copies of octopine- and agropine-type virG genes in A. tumefaciens strains containing an agropine-type Ti-plasmid enhanced the frequency of transient transformation of celery and rice.
(6) Insertional and deoxyoligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis studies showed that both octopine and nopaline Ti plasmid virG genes initiate translation at a UUG codon.
(7) Of six vir region complementation groups (virA, virB, virG, virC, virD, and virE) examined by using fusions to reporter genes, the promoters of only two (virC and virD) responded to the ros mutation.
(8) Western immunoblot analysis of pHS1059 whole-cell lysates revealed that the synthesis of the invasion plasmid antigens VirG, IpaA, IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD was similar to that seen in the corresponding isogenic S. flexneri 5 virulent strain, M90T.
(9) Using this antiserum, a protein of Mr congruent to 29,000, a size similar to that calculated from the virG nucleotide sequence, was detected in an E. coli strain harbouring a virG expression vector.
(10) This mutant also activates vir gene expression efficiently at neutral pH, indicating that the step in induction that is normally stimulated by acid pH occurs before or during VirG phosphorylation.
(11) Mutations in these loci eliminate (virA, virB, virD and virG) or significantly restrict (virC and virE) the ability of Agrobacterium to transform plant cells.
(12) The amino acid sequence of the predicted virG product is homologous to that of eight bacterial proteins, including that of the ompR gene of Escherichia coli.
(13) pINV-integrated HN280 and M90T strains required methionine (Met-) to grow in minimal medium, were noninvasive, did not produce contact-mediated hemolysin, and had lost the ability to bind Congo red (Crb-) at 37 degrees C. Immunoblots of whole bacterial extracts from pHN280-integrated HN280 derivatives revealed that integration severely reduced the expression of ipa and virG (icsA) plasmid genes.
(14) To identify the critical functional domains of virA and virG, a mutational approach was used.
(15) In an effort to improve the T-DNA-mediated transformation frequency of economically important crops, we investigated the possible enhancement effect of multiple copies of virG genes contained in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains upon the transient transformation of celery, carrot and rice tissues.
(16) However, Ti-plasmids with mutations in virA or virG were unable to confer the responsive phenotype.
(17) Fifteen strains had a plasmid comparable in size to that responsible for epithelial invasiveness and were positive in hybridization tests with a probe derived from a plasmid cistron, virG.
(18) The VirG protein of the hairy-root-inducing plasmid A4 was overproduced in Escherichia coli cells, and purified to homogeneity.
(19) The virA and virG gene products are required for the regulation of the vir regulon on the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
(20) VirA and VirG activate the Agrobacterium tumefaciens vir regulon in response to phenolic compounds, monosaccharides, and acidity released from plant wound sites.