(1) We have conducted a mutational analysis of the VirG protein.
(2) Translation initiation codons for all vir genes, except virG, are preceded by sequences homologous to the ribosome binding site sequences found in E. coli.
(3) This attracts Ti-plasmid harbouring A. tumefaciens to wound sites, where the higher acetosyringone concentrations lead to virA and virG-mediated induction of the vir-genes.
(4) VirG overproduced in Escherichia coli was purified from inclusion bodies.
(5) Additional copies of octopine- and agropine-type virG genes in A. tumefaciens strains containing an agropine-type Ti-plasmid enhanced the frequency of transient transformation of celery and rice.
(6) Insertional and deoxyoligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis studies showed that both octopine and nopaline Ti plasmid virG genes initiate translation at a UUG codon.
(7) Of six vir region complementation groups (virA, virB, virG, virC, virD, and virE) examined by using fusions to reporter genes, the promoters of only two (virC and virD) responded to the ros mutation.
(8) Western immunoblot analysis of pHS1059 whole-cell lysates revealed that the synthesis of the invasion plasmid antigens VirG, IpaA, IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD was similar to that seen in the corresponding isogenic S. flexneri 5 virulent strain, M90T.
(9) Using this antiserum, a protein of Mr congruent to 29,000, a size similar to that calculated from the virG nucleotide sequence, was detected in an E. coli strain harbouring a virG expression vector.
(10) This mutant also activates vir gene expression efficiently at neutral pH, indicating that the step in induction that is normally stimulated by acid pH occurs before or during VirG phosphorylation.
(11) Mutations in these loci eliminate (virA, virB, virD and virG) or significantly restrict (virC and virE) the ability of Agrobacterium to transform plant cells.
(12) The amino acid sequence of the predicted virG product is homologous to that of eight bacterial proteins, including that of the ompR gene of Escherichia coli.
(13) pINV-integrated HN280 and M90T strains required methionine (Met-) to grow in minimal medium, were noninvasive, did not produce contact-mediated hemolysin, and had lost the ability to bind Congo red (Crb-) at 37 degrees C. Immunoblots of whole bacterial extracts from pHN280-integrated HN280 derivatives revealed that integration severely reduced the expression of ipa and virG (icsA) plasmid genes.
(14) To identify the critical functional domains of virA and virG, a mutational approach was used.
(15) In an effort to improve the T-DNA-mediated transformation frequency of economically important crops, we investigated the possible enhancement effect of multiple copies of virG genes contained in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains upon the transient transformation of celery, carrot and rice tissues.
(16) However, Ti-plasmids with mutations in virA or virG were unable to confer the responsive phenotype.
(17) Fifteen strains had a plasmid comparable in size to that responsible for epithelial invasiveness and were positive in hybridization tests with a probe derived from a plasmid cistron, virG.
(18) The VirG protein of the hairy-root-inducing plasmid A4 was overproduced in Escherichia coli cells, and purified to homogeneity.
(19) The virA and virG gene products are required for the regulation of the vir regulon on the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
(20) VirA and VirG activate the Agrobacterium tumefaciens vir regulon in response to phenolic compounds, monosaccharides, and acidity released from plant wound sites.
Wand
Definition:
(n.) A small stick; a rod; a verge.
(n.) A staff of authority.
(n.) A rod used by conjurers, diviners, magicians, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) All ports were successfully placed under local anesthesia, with catheter tip location determined by an electronic sensor wand.
(2) You can fill the spaces around clinics with unscientific anti-abortion hectoring of women patients while literally filling space by violating women with a trans-vaginal ultrasound wand.
(3) The authors examined the relationship between the number of colonies picked with the Prompt Inoculation Wand and the hemacytometer and viable colony counts for each of six test organisms, including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans.
(4) For the past nine years, Iraq ’s security forces have tried to stop car bombs with a British-made bomb detector wand that was long ago proven to be fake.
(5) He had captured the often frenetic atmosphere of Marrakech via "six cameras mounted on a magic wand that were shooting simultaneously as I sped along the crowded streets on the back of a motorbike".
(6) Pascal Lamy, the director general of the World Trade Organisation, said there was no "magic wand" that could be waved to break down trade barriers.
(7) Using a telemetry signal through a handheld programming wand, nine tracings were completely and clearly recorded for analysis.
(8) Now wave your own wand and grant them the living monthly wage – the £136 the Asia Floor Wage Alliance calculates is needed to support a family in India today (and bear in mind that the women are often the sole earners).
(9) The pump is noninvasively programmed using a hand-held telemetry wand to administer the drug in a continuous infusion, bolus, or bolus-delay mode.
(10) But I think it would be wrong to think that Bob will come in and work with Dan, James and Kyle and wave the magic wand.
(11) There's no magic wand - creating jobs won't simply solve the world's problems Read more It will, however, be subject to a performance agreement, the first of its kind, which will see Britain monitor the fund’s work and withhold 10% of the money if targets are not met.
(12) "There is no single magic wand, but the focus at the summit from the eurozone countries was what particularly the German government could secure.
(13) Light-wand-guided intubation has been reported to be an easily learned, atraumatic alternative to laryngoscopic or blind nasal intubation [6, 9].
(14) Everything here takes three times longer to do than it should and unless you have a magic wand you will have to be patient.
(15) The complete 1H-NMR assignments for horse ferrocytochrome c have been reported by Wand and colleagues and by our group at Oxford.
(16) "They look like wands and they are supposed to bend when they spot a bomb.
(17) It is an ultrasonic wand that, when activated inside any glass of beer – even from a bottle or can – froths up a draught-like head as if pumped from the guts of a country pub.
(18) Hogwarts Castle will sit at the apex of each attraction, and visitors can also dine at the Three Broomsticks pub, pick up a wand at Ollivander's store or snack on sweets from Hogsmead's famous Honeyduke's sweet shop.
(19) Rally organiser Justin Wand will be riding his 1926 Brough SS100: "It was designed in 1925 and guaranteed to have a top speed of 100 mph, an absolute phenomenom at a time when most cars pootled along at about 35 mph."
(20) Reforming the system can only be done if we work together, there are no magic wands.