What's the difference between xylene and xylidine?
Xylene
Definition:
(n.) Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily, inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called also xylol.
Example Sentences:
(1) Furthermore, toluene undergoes methyl-substitution in preparations of human bone marrow incubated with S-adenosyl-L-methionine to yield o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene.
(2) We have investigated the whole-body dermal penetration of styrene, xylene, toluene, perchloroethylene, benzene, halothane, hexane, and isoflurane in rats and compared the permeability constants with available human studies on vapor penetration.
(3) As organic solvents, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE), trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, m-xylene and trichloro-trifluoroethane (FC-113) were used in this study.
(4) In experiments in vitro, neither benzene, toluene nor xylene changed the number of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) or the number of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes.
(5) The m-xylene-adapted microorganisms in the aquifer column degraded toluene, benzaldehyde, benzoate, m-toluylaldehyde, m-toluate, m-cresol, p-cresol, and p-hydroxybenzoate but were unable to metabolize benzene, naphthalene, methylcyclohexane, and 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane.
(6) A 27-year-old male committed suicide by ingestion of a large quantity of xylene.
(7) Blot and give 2 fast changes in absolute ethanol with agitation before transferring to xylene.
(8) Time-course experiments did not indicate any delay in the peak micronucleus response to benzene caused by either pyridine or xylene.
(9) Six scenarios for human exposure were examined, based primarily on measured air and water concentrations of total hydrocarbons, benzene, xylenes, and toluene.
(10) Perhaps alpha activation is indicative of stimulating and excitatory effects induced by m-xylene exposure, which has been noted heretofore in the absorption phase of alcohol intake.
(11) During the first part, the same test group was exposed to m-xylene for a period of 4 hours, whereas during the second part, the group was exposed to m-xylene in combination with other solvents.
(12) Finally, the sections were cleared in xylene and mounted in D.P.X.
(13) The 24-h excretion of the urine metabolites of m-xylene was decreased by 22-24% in mixed exposures: the excretion of methylhippuric acid was decreased (29%), but that of 2,4-dimethylphenol increased (9-35%).
(14) By the combined use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry the methyl esters of hippuric acid and m-methylhippuric acid were identified in the urine of a volunteer who had been exposed to toluene and m-xylene vapours.
(15) The ability of the recombinant to utilize 3-chlorobenzoate, chlorobenzene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene as well as its loss of utilization of xylenes and methylbenzoates appears to be associated with the transfer and integration of chromosomal DNA from P. alcaligenes into a Tol-like plasmid of P. putida R5-3.
(16) After repeated inhalation exposures the excretion of xylene metabolites in urine was consistently higher, whereas the concentrations of xylene in fat (but not the concentration of MEK) were lower than after a single treatment, conceivably due to accelerated metabolic clearance of xylene.
(17) Using various fixation procedures (formalin, paraformaldehyde, B-5, Zamboni and AMeX) we found that fixation in cold acetone (-20 degrees C) overnight followed by 2x15 min fixation in acetone at +4 degrees c and at room temperature, cleared in methyl benzoate and xylene (AMeX procedure) gives reproducible nuclear staining when a variety of normal and tumor tissues are treated with an anti c-myc protein antibody.
(18) Transfer slide to 0.5% n-butylamine in xylene for a few seconds until the section is blue, then, after 2 changes of xylene, mount in DPX.
(19) The effect of alimentary deficiency, ethanol intake and exposure to xylene on the coronary microvessels and heart weight were investigated in rats.
(20) Treatment of P. putida BG1 with nitrosoguanidine led to the isolation of a mutant strain which, when grown with fructose, oxidized both p-xylene and p-toluate to (-)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid (cis-p-toluate diol).
Xylidine
Definition:
(n.) Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2, resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids, or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene. They are called the amido xylenes.
Example Sentences:
(1) An internal standard, N',N'-diethylaminoacetyl-2,6-xylidine, is used to quantitate meperidine.
(2) 2,4-Xylidine increased lung tumors in female mice at the higher dose only.
(3) But when xipamide is acted upon by strong alkali and elevated temperature, 2,6-xylidine is formed by hydrolysis.
(4) Recoveries of other lidocaine metabolites: N-(N-ethylglycy)-2,6-xylidine, 3-hydroxylidocaine, 3-hydroxy-N-(N-ethylyglycyl)-2,6-xylidine and N-(N-ethylglycyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylaniline were similar in the PN- and chow-fed group.
(5) Aniline hydroxylase activity was increased in all treated rats except males dosed with 2,6-xylidine.
(6) Male ICR mice were treated with 1, 2 or 3 daily doses of either benzidine or 2,6-xylidine.
(7) A new metabolite, 3-hydroxy-N-glycyl-2,6-xylidine was also present in significant amounts, as well as minor quantities of four oxygenated metabolites of N-(N-ethylglycyl)-2,6-xylidine.
(8) Biochemical investigations showed increases in microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 content in rats dosed with 2,4- or 2,5-xylidine and in glucuronyltransferase activity in rats given 2,4-, 2,5- or 2,6-xylidine.
(9) Only one major metabolite, 3-hydroxy-N-(N-ethylglycyl)-2,6-xylidine, was excreted in urine.
(10) A method has been developed for air sampling and laboratory analysis of vapors of seven aniline compounds: aniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, o-toluidine, 2,4-xylidine, panisidine, o-anisidine, and p-nitroaniline.
(11) Out of 37 aniline derivatives, 6 chemicals, i.e., 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (mesidine), 2,4-xylidine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,4-diaminochlorobenzene, 2-chloro-4-methylaniline and 4-chloro-N-methylaniline, elicited positive DNA repair responses.
(12) The results of the study indicate that all isomes of xylidine can be inducers of microsomal drug-metabolising enzyme activity, that they may be metabolised by oxidation and that the xylidine molecule may be eliminated as a conjugate with glucuronic acid.
(13) Syntheses of amino acid derivatives of p-aminobenzoic acid and 2,6-xylidine, potential antiarrhythmic agents are described.
(14) These metabolites were monoethylglycinexylidide(I), glycinexylidide(II), 3-hydroxymonoethylglycinexylidide(III), 3-hydroxylidocaine(IV), 4-hydroxylidocaine(V), xylidine(VI) and 4-hydroxyxylidine(VII).
(15) 2,4-Toluenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, o-toluidine, 2,4,6-trimethylaniline, 2,4,5-trimethylaniline, 2,5-xylidine, and 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene led to tumors in one or more tissues in all three of these animal models.
(16) Benzidine produced a significant (p less than 0.001) dose related increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPE), while 2,6-xylidine had no effect on the frequency of micronucleated cells.
(17) In rats, repeated administration of either xylidine for 10 days failed to increase the appearance of metabolites, but 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) did increase the urinary concentration of AAMBA in 2,4-DMA dosed rats.
(18) Horobin and Bennion stated in 1973 that the bonding of Biebrich scarlet at an alkaline pH is hydrophobic as the isomers of Biebrich scarlet (ponceau de xylidine and woodstain scarlet) do not stain at that pH.
(19) About half of an administered dose of GX is excreted unchanged in urine, roughly 15% appears in urine as conjugates of xylidine and p-OH xylidine, and the fate of the rest is unknown.
(20) Syntheses of N-(p-aminobenzoylaminoalkylacyl)-2,6-xylidines are described.