(1) After collagenase and elastase digestion, bovine ligamentum nuchae showed type VI collagen fibrils and clumps of beaded fibrils like those in zonule and vitreous.
(2) The posterior zonules were found to be multilayered, with both superficial and deep attachments to the lens.
(3) By comparing the changes in lens profile due to zonular tension and centrifugal force respectively, the force developed in the zonule for a given change in the shape of the lens could be calculated.
(4) The zonules of Zinn and their insertion on the ciliary body and the lens in a monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) have been studied with the scanning electron microscope.
(5) Characteristics of this area included the following: the sulcus was angulated anteriorly; the ciliary processes were of unequal length; the zonules did not insert on the tips of the ciliary processes but, instead, inserted slightly posteriorly; the contour of the sulcus area was irregular; bands stretched from the base of the ciliary processes to the posterior surface of the iris, making the sulcus a potential space in some areas of the eye.
(6) The formation of the vitreous and the zonule during and after embryonal development can be studied by histoautoradiography using labelled precursors of collagen and aminoglycans.
(7) The properties of the ciliary muscle, the zonule, the lens capsule, and the crystalline lens are being reevaluated, suggesting, for example, that these components' elasticities change significantly with age and that the biochemical properties of the crystalline lens may be altered as the lens ages.
(8) These variations suggest that accommodative astigmatism is affected by many elements such as lens, zonule, and muscle.
(9) The exfoliative material has been shown by a series of light microscopic and gross anatomic studies to be only loosely adherent to the anterior lens capsule, zonules and anterior vitreous face, and firmly adherent to the equatorial lens capsule and posterior epithelium of the iris and the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium.
(10) It is proposed that modulation of the Sertoli cell zonules being formed at the base and dismantled at the apex of the seminiferous epithelium follows the direction of germ cell migration and opposes the apicobasal direction of junction formation reported for most epithelia.
(11) Electron micrographs show that occluding zonules located at the outer border of the stratum corneum and at the outer layer of the stratum granulosum are true tight junctions since they are impermeable to these tracers.
(12) In Patiria miniata these flagellated cells are located peripheral to the oocyte and have long cytoplasmic processes which penetrate the vitelline layer to the egg surface to form an adhering zonule-like junction.
(13) Uniaxial loading of human lens, zonules, ciliary muscle, and choroid shows a nonlinear relationship between stress and deformation of the specimen, and hysteresis on unloading.
(14) Except for zonules they are significantly correlated with age.
(15) There seems to be a close relation between coloboma of the lens and a defect of the zonule at least during growth of lens.
(16) Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation requires that the posterior capsule and the zonules remain sufficiently intact.
(17) Age proved to be an unreliable indicator for the tensile strength of the zonule.
(18) Type IV collagen was evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the capsule but was absent from the zonules.
(19) The diverse orientation of the strands seems to be related to the plasticity of the Sertoli cell occluding zonule.
(20) The pars plana was completely covered by a mat which consisted of meridionally directed zonule-like fibers.