(n.) A spore provided with one or more slender cilia, by the vibration of which it swims in the water. Zoospores are produced by many green, and by some olive-brown, algae. In certain species they are divided into the larger macrozoospores and the smaller microzoospores. Called also sporozoid, and swarmspore.
(n.) See Swarmspore.
Example Sentences:
(1) Using zoospore capture technique, 361 colonies of aquatic freshwater fungi were recovered from sewage effluents, out of which 341 reached sexual maturity.
(2) Zoospores of Dermatophilus congolensis were analysed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.
(3) The pattern of differential inhibition exhibited by sporangia versus zoospores upon treatment with actinomycin D, 4-FLUOROURACIL, OR CYCLOHEXIMIDE INDICATED THat continued translation on preformed messenger RNA may be one essential requirement for the formation and release of zoospores, whereas their subsequent germination and development may depend upon renewed transcription as well.
(4) It is proposed that simple, eucarpic, monocentric chytrids which discharge zoospores following dissolution of the sporangium wall evolved into multipapilliate species of Rhizophydium and 2 lines of evolution from these species are documented with examples.
(5) Discharge of zoospores is also cited as important although emphasis is not placed on operculation.
(6) Zoospores were produced in water held at 15, 20 and 25 degrees C and were pathogenic for Ae.
(7) The observations that some of the newly synthesized RNA and protein occur in the intact 82S ribosomes and that actinomycin inhibits the low level of protein synthesis provide some indirect evidence for a very low rate of "messenger" synthesis and turnover in zoospores.
(8) Comparison of RNA synthesis during germination of B. ramosa and Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores revealed that B. ramosa has a longer lag time before RNA synthesis is initiated and, in addition, the rate of RNA synthesis is ten-fold lower in B. ramosa.
(9) Zoospores of Australian isolates of Phytophthora drechsleri, P. cryptogea, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae var.
(10) The vegetative stage strongly resembled that of certain species of aquatic phycomycete fungi, and the flagellates may therefore by zoospores.
(11) Zoospores of Oomycetes contain a variety of microbody-like organelles with highly structured matrices.
(12) Fungal colonies developing in anaerobic media from zoospores in rumen fluid from cows eating Cynodon dactylon or Medicago sativa included types showing monocentric and polycentric growth.
(13) During early germination posttranslational control was also observed, several labeled proteins from zoospores being specifically degraded or charge modified.
(14) In suppressive soils this association appears to be correlated with hyphal lysis, inhibition of zoospore production, and sporangial breakdown.
(15) The water mold Blastocladiella emersonii releases zoospore maintenance factor into the medium during zoosporogenesis.
(16) Zoospores bound concanavalin A (Con A), but did not bind any of a variety of other lectins tested.
(17) These features are the presence of hydrogenosomes at all stages of the life cycle, the presence in rhizoids and sporangia of characteristic crystals coated with hexagonal arrays of particles, and in zoospores the presence of distinct surface layers on the motility organelles and cell body respectively, the organization of the ribosomes into helical and globular arrays and the structures associated with the kinetosomes.
(18) In germinating zoospore cysts of the oomycete Phytophthora capsici the mechanism of action of taxol was shown to involve inhibition of mitosis, presumably resulting from an effect on microtubules.
(19) Sufficient inducer was present in the normal diet of the host animal to trigger the differentiation and release of the zoospores from all the sporangia of each phycomycete species present in the rumen fluid tested.
(20) Zoospores of B. ramosa were shown to contain pre-formed messenger RNA but this messenger RNA directs only a portion of the protein synthesis which occurs during early germination.
Zygospore
Definition:
(n.) Same as Zygosperm.
(n.) A spore formed by the union of several zoospores; -- called also zygozoospore.
Example Sentences:
(1) Zygospore development in Blakeslea trispora was studied using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and freeze fracturing technique.
(2) However, normal mating efficiencies and high zygospore viability are observed in clonal culture, indicating the unbiased production of functional opposite mating-types.
(3) The zygospore contained a very high concentration of chitin (about 17%), three times more than the mycelial concentrations.
(4) Some of these non-recombinant individuals may be derived from "parthenospores" (dormant asexual cells resembling zygospores).
(5) In order to study the mechanism responsible for the uniparental transmission of the mitochondrial genome in crosses between Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and C. smithii, we have analyzed the fate of mitochondrial DNA during gametogenesis, zygospore differentiation and sporulation by hybridization experiments.
(6) In strain 137F of Chlamydomonas reinhardi, the zygospores undergo one round of nuclear DNA replication followed by three divisions to produce octospores.
(7) The young diploid zygote differentiates into dormant zygospore competent to complete meiosis, or more rarely (2-10% of cases) it undergoes mitosis to produce a stable diploid progeny.
(8) Using appropriate restriction enzymes, we have been unable to detect methylation of the mitochondrial DNA during gametogenesis or zygospore formation.
(9) Light is required for total elimination of mt+ mitochondrial DNA in the zygospores.
(10) Changes in the relative abundance of cell constituents of Entomophthora virulenta Hall & Dunn were studied during the various differentiation phases leading to the formation of zygospores.
(11) Zygophores interlock upon contact and then undergo six successive morphological changes to become a zygospore.
(12) Some zygospores do form in crosses of carA mutants and wild types.
(13) Zygospores from this strain undergo two rounds of nuclear DNA replication prior to the formation of octospores.
(14) The results obtained with D. discoideum macrocysts differ from those obtained with other cellular slime moulds--Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium giganteum and Polysphondylium pallidum--and are reminiscent of the results reported for germinated zygospores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus.
(15) Descriptions and illustrations of both the zygosporic and sporangial states are presented.
(16) Almost all of the heat-tolerant isolates were pathogenic to suckling mice and had smooth or undulate, or smooth plus undulate zygospore walls.
(17) Although zygospore (mature zygote) formation in P. blakeslleeanus occurs in liquid glucoseglutamate medium, morphological observations are made more easily when cultures are grown on 1-mm-thick agar medium.