(v. i.) To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish.
(v. i.) To struggle; to wrestle; to strive desperately.
(v. t.) To cause to suffer agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.
Example Sentences:
(1) The hypothesis that opiate agonism requires an N substituent in the axial position does not appear to be consistent with the increased potency of beta isomers in which axial N substituents are thermodynamically more unstable.
(2) Under conditions of 5-HT1-like, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor blockade, the following rank order of agonism was observed: 5-HT > 5-methoxytryptamine = renzapride > (S)-zacopride > (R,S-zacopride > 5-carboxamidotryptamine > BRL 24682 > (R-zacopride > metoclopramide > 2-methyl-5-HT > sulpiride.
(3) At the agonal stage, the isoproterenol dose-response curve was shifted significantly to the right in myocardial membranes from endotoxic rats, but there was no significant decrease in maximum stimulated activity.
(4) Agonal state effects the stability of brain compounds and causes brain hypoxia.
(5) However, further studies showed compounds which exhibited either partial agonism in the RFA and competitive antagonism of 5-HT in the RA, or antagonism of 5-HT in both arteries with different affinities.
(6) Catecholamines were detectable in the major neurons, in small intensely fluorescent cells, and in adrenergic fibers with varicosities at levels that varied with the patient's age, cause of death, duration of the agonal period, the treatment administered, and the time when the material had been taken after death.
(7) Certain derivatives of the antagonists naloxone and naltrexone showed partial agonism.
(8) Except for desGly(NH2)AVP, which is a weak V2 agonist, the remaining desGly and desGly(NH2) analogues of 1-3 exhibit substantial V2 agonism and are thus highly selective V2 agonists.
(9) But bureaucratic dysfunction means less than half have been given out – as shown by two state department charts – and only at the end of agonizingly long waiting periods .
(10) The results failed to support the female agonism hypothesis and indicate a need for more detailed studies of intermale social dynamics.
(11) In the inferior parietal cortex, agonal status confounded this comparison.
(12) Dilevalol is a novel antihypertensive agent combining vasodilation due to selective beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonism with nonspecific beta antagonism.
(13) The results indicate that alpha 2-adrenergic agonism with clonidine inhibits the bronchoconstriction induced by histamine.
(14) We have found no evidence of a physiologically relevant effect of serotonin agonism on osmoregulated vasopressin release, or on the ability of normal man to excrete a water load.
(15) The partial agonism of N alpha-guanylhistamine is related to the ability of the drug to bind with the receptor in two different modes with similar affinity.
(16) In contrast U50,488H produced biphasic curves characterized by a higher potency phase of agonism that was susceptible to antagonism by 16-methylcyprenorphine (RX8008M) and a lower potency phase that was apparently non-opioid in nature.
(17) As this profile of activity is not shared by the shorter-acting compound, salbutamol, it would seem that anti-inflammatory activity is associated with beta-adrenoceptor agonism of long duration.
(18) To clarify the regulation of duodenal motility, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonism and blockade and of galanin on duodenal motility.
(19) Agonist-independent pA2 estimates for ICS 205-930 (6.3-6.6) suggest a single site of agonism.
(20) In addition, analyses of beta-adrenoceptor agonism and antagonism, using selective (beta 1: T-1583, beta 2: procaterol) and non-selective (isoproterenol) agonists as well as selective (beta 1: atenolol, beta 2: ICI 118,551) and non-selective (propranolol) antagonists, confirmed that beta-adrenoceptors in the canine facial vein are not homogeneous, with the beta 1-subtype predominating over the beta 2-subtype, and that the canine saphenous vein has a homogeneous population of the beta 2-subtype, as reported in the other species.
Writhe
Definition:
(v. t.) To twist; to turn; now, usually, to twist or turn so as to distort; to wring.
(v. t.) To wrest; to distort; to pervert.
(v. t.) To extort; to wring; to wrest.
(v. i.) To twist or contort the body; to be distorted; as, to writhe with agony. Also used figuratively.
Example Sentences:
(1) flexion, stretch, rolling, startle, jumping (stepping), and writhing.
(2) Writhing response was more influenced after systemic administration of drugs while hot plate latencies was not.
(3) For the final three visible minutes, Lockett writhed, groaned, attempted to lift himself off the gurney and tried to speak, despite a doctor having declared him unconscious.
(4) Both tonazocine and zenazocine were antinociceptive in writhing tests and in the i.a.
(5) administered DPDYN were determined in two nociceptive tests, involving thermal cutaneous (tail-flick) and chemical visceral (AcOH-induced writhing) stimuli, in which mu and kappa receptors are known to be activated differentially.
(6) administered Asn-Ala-Gly-Ala (NAGA), a partial sequence of beta-lipotropin, was investigated using the tail-pressure, hot-plate and phenylbenzoquinone (PBQ)-induced writhing tests in mice.
(7) injection of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine [cyclo (His-Pro)], an active metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in mice produced an antinociceptive effect in a dose-dependent manner as measured in four antinociceptive tests; tail-pressure, tail-flick, hot-plate and acetic acid writhing.
(8) The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the analgesic effects, RIII and R97 inhibited markedly the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, but in reducing pain induced by heat, R111 and R97 showed negative results.
(9) BW A4C and BW A797C had little or no effect on carrageenin-induced hyperalgesia in rats or phenyl-benzoquinone-induced writhing in mice.
(10) injection and was still observable 4 hr after injection, demonstrating a time course similar to that of the antinociceptive effect of CRF in the writhing test.
(11) On the contrary, latencies in hot plate test were more affected than the writhing response after intracerebroventricular administration.
(12) This compound, when administered orally, was equipotent to morphine in protecting against mouse writhing.
(14) A 6-year old girl, the 3rd case, developed episodes of opisthotonous, upward rolling of the eyeballs, protrusions of the tongue, intermittent writhing movements of the upper limbs, and drowsiness following the ingestion of 6 tablets of chloroquine sulfate for suspected diagnosis of malaria.
(15) Decrement of spontaneous movement, inhibition of writhing, prolongation of hexobarbital-induced hypnosis, muscle relaxation, inhibition of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability, hypothermia, antipyretic effect in mice; excitation of respiration in rabbits; nerve blocking action in the isolated sciatic nerve of frogs; cardiotonic effect in the isolated atria of guinea pigs; contraction of the isolated ileum of rabbits and guinea pigs; contraction of the aorta of guinea pigs; and relaxation of the isolated trachea of guinea pigs were common properties observed after separate application of CB and DT.
(16) SST antagonist and cysteamine produced a significant analgesia in the writhing test but had no effect in the hot plate and tail pinch test.
(17) Similar results were obtained by acetic acid writhing tests.
(18) In the kaolin-induced writhing response in mice, which is shown to be mainly dependent on the action of bradykinin, T-614 reduced not only the writhing frequency but also the peritoneal levels of bradykinin in a dose-dependent manner.
(19) When injected i.p., PGI2, carbacyclin and iloprost (agonists at the PGI2 receptor) induced writhing.
(20) When analgesic action was tested by the writhing and Haffner's methods in mice, the compound revealed a more potent activity than did mepirizole and aminopyrine.