(1) In the infant and small child, when most repairs are done, nose tip projection is due more to the alar dome component than to the columella.
(2) We conclude that the alar plate of the prosencephalon at 7-10 stage is not definitively determined and may retain an ability to differentiate into the optic tectum, whereas the prospective fate of the rhombencephalon has already been determined at 7-10 stage.
(3) Functional loss of the alar ligaments indicates a potential for instability which, however, must be determined in conjunction with other clinical findings, such as neurological dysfunction, pain and deformity.
(4) Conflicting guidelines for excisions about the alar base led us to develop calibrated alar base excision, a modification of Weir's approach.
(5) After transection of the left alar ligament, the percentage increases in neutral zones (NZ) and ranges of motion (ROM) were documented at both the C0-1 and C1-2 joints.
(6) For the same joint, cutting of the left alar ligament resulted in a significant increase in neutral zone in right lateral bending but not in left lateral bending, whereas there were no significant increases in the ranges of motion.
(7) The CD system using sacral pedicle and alar screws in the adult patient does not appear to offer advantages over alternative techniques for achieving arthrodesis to the sacrum for adult deformity.
(8) Comparing right and left axial rotations, after transection of the left alar ligament, showed greater percentage increases for the right, as compared to the left, axial rotation, at both C0-C1 and C1-C2 joints.
(9) In this case, there was bony avulsion of the alar ligament from the occipital condyle.
(10) In such cases, full-thickness resection of the alar bases is necessary.
(11) In the craniocervical joint, the alar and transverse ligaments provide much of the stability of the healthy spine.
(12) The removal of ear cartilage is performed via a posterior approach for the concha cartilage associated with a septum or an alar cartilage removal.
(13) Both the transverse and the alar ligaments consist of collagen fibers, with very few elastic fibers in the peripheral layer.
(14) Ruptures of the alar ligaments were typically involved in extended ruptures of the ligamentous apparatus (see Figure 6a involving the ligamentum apicis dentis, ligamentum transversum atlantis, m.atlanto-occipitalis anterior, m.tectoria, m.atlanto-axialis anterior et posterior).
(15) Where the inferior view shows a "tent tip" skyline, lateral crus advancement is required and can be achieved in asynchronous repairs by Pigott alar leapfrog at primary repair or by Potter V-Y advancement at the time of forked flap columella lengthening.
(16) Results of directly excising the alar rim and its indications are presented with adequate follow-up.
(17) This result does not agree with the long-held hypothesis that axial rotation is limited only by the alar on the side opposite rotation.
(18) The facial artery terminated as an angular facial artery in 34 (68%), a lateral nasal vessel in 13 (26%), and a superior labial vessel in 2 (4%); in 1 (2%) the facial artery terminated at the alar base.
(19) The purpose of this in vitro experimental study was to determine the role of alar ligaments in providing flexion, extension, and lateral bending stability to the upper cervical spine.
(20) Increases due to subsequent cutting of the right alar ligament were, on average, only 0.5 degrees and statistically not significant.