What's the difference between alcohol and menthol?

Alcohol


Definition:

  • (n.) An impalpable powder.
  • (n.) The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
  • (n.) Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation.
  • (n.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) These variants may serve as useful gene markers in alcohol research involving animal model studies with inbred strains in mice.
  • (2) PMS is more prevalent among women working outside the home, alcoholics, women of high parity, and women with toxemic tendency; it probably runs in families.
  • (3) The 14C-aminopyrine breath test was used to measure liver function in 14 normal subjects, 16 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 14 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and 29 patients taking a variety of drugs.
  • (4) The pancreatic changes are unlikely to be an artefact, but rather a direct toxic effect of the alcohol as confirmed by the biochemical changes.
  • (5) Evidence of fetal alcohol effects may be found for each outcome category.
  • (6) The difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations between the MI+ and MI- groups or between the MI+ and CHD- groups persisted after adjustment by analysis of covariance for the effect of physical activity, alcohol intake, obesity, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control.
  • (7) Veterans admitted to a 90-day alcoholism treatment program were administered the MMPI, and those who completed the program were retested before discharge.
  • (8) 1 The effects of chronic ethanol intake on the elimination kinetics of antipyrine were determined in nineteen male alcoholic subjects with comparison made to fourteen male volunteers.
  • (9) This study examines the costs of screening patients for alcohol problems.
  • (10) Alcohol abuse remains the predominant cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world.
  • (11) The acute effect of alcohol manifested itself by decreasing mitochondrial respiration, compensated by increased glycolytic activity of the myocardium so that myocardial energy phosphate concentration remained unchanged.
  • (12) The transmission of alcoholism and its effects are thereby lessened for future generations of children of alcoholics.
  • (13) More chronic use of alcohol resulted in a suppression of LH.
  • (14) Because of increasing alcoholism the importance of alcoholic organ lesions is also increasing.
  • (15) Allergic photocontact dermatitis developed in a patient to a commercial sunscreen preparation containing para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in an alcohol base.
  • (16) The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein.
  • (17) We found that whereas idarubicin was 2-5 times more potent than the other three anthracycline analogs against these tumor cell lines, idarubicinol was 16-122 times more active than the other alcohol metabolites against the same three cell lines.
  • (18) The phenomenon can be ascribed to the decrease in charge density due to the incorporation of dodecyl alcohol into SDS micelles.
  • (19) Most of the progressive cases were alcoholic, and some showed progression to advanced pancreatitis within 4 years.
  • (20) These data indicate that the development of HCC in HBV-negative alcoholics with cirrhosis occurs in relation to the development of macronodules and loss of liver weight, most likely along with the prolongation of the life span.

Menthol


Definition:

  • (n.) A white, crystalline, aromatic substance resembling camphor, extracted from oil of peppermint (Mentha); -- called also mint camphor or peppermint camphor.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Do [MPs] remember the madness of those advertisements that talked of the cool fresh mountain air of menthol cigarettes?
  • (2) CSCs from the 1R4F, ULT, and ULT-menthol cigarettes were cytotoxic in the CHO-HGPRT assay, both with and without metabolic activation, while TEST and TEST-menthol CSCs were not cytotoxic under either condition.
  • (3) Objective and subjective measurements of nasal patency were made before and after L-menthol stimulation of the palatal mucosa (supplied with the trigeminal nerve) in 15 normal adult subjects.
  • (4) L-menthol caused a highly significant enhancement of nasal sensation of airflow but despite their great similarity in structure and a similar peppermint smell the isomers D-isomenthol and D-neomenthol had no effect on nasal sensation of airflow.
  • (5) External application of 50 microM Ni2+ blocks the effect of CAP, but does not affect the acceleration of the high voltage-activated (L-type) current inactivation induced by menthol.
  • (6) The VAS scores showed significant changes of subjective improvement in nasal sensation of airflow (P less than 0.001) in the menthol-treated group 10 min after dosing whereas the placebo group showed no change.
  • (7) Angela Harbutt, campaigns manager of the smokers' group Forest, said: "Consumers will have mixed feelings.We welcome the fact that some products have been reprieved while menthol cigarettes have been given a stay of execution, but consumers are still angry that the EU is trying to restrict or ban products they have purchased and enjoyed for many years.
  • (8) The effect of menthol on Ca channel current inactivation was studied in identified Helix neurons.
  • (9) Since, in equal concentrations, menthol specifically impairs neuronal calcium currents, the results are consistent with the conjecture that in cold receptors, menthol reduces the activation of a calcium-stimulated outward current by an impeding effect on a calcium conductance, thereby inducing depolarization and a modification of bursting behavior.
  • (10) Application of the specific calcium channel blocker menthol (0.2 mM) suppressed spontaneous activity, the effect becoming more prominent at higher temperatures.
  • (11) In contrast, lingual fibers and a different category of cortical units ('Type II') were extremely sensitive to menthol exposure.
  • (12) TEST and TEST-menthol SSCSs produced negative results in all 5 bacterial strains, both with and without metabolic activation.
  • (13) The specificity of the Ca2(+)-channel blocking effect of menthol was demonstrated in parallel studies using compounds with similar structures: menthone blocked Ca2+ channels with about half the potency of menthol, while cyclohexanol was without effect.
  • (14) Thus, a proposed third type of Ca current with transient activation and complete deactivation below -50 mV was either not present or not affected by menthol.
  • (15) TEST and TEST-menthol CSCs were nonmutagenic in all five bacterial strains, both with and without metabolic activation.
  • (16) The effect of l-menthol on the skin permeability of mannitol, cortisone or indomethacin was examined by an in vitro penetration technique with hairless mouse skin.
  • (17) Over a couple of pints, we cover all the big stuff: Victoria Beckham, rivers of blood, what it'll be like being deputy PM to Boris ("Boris needs me; he needs lightening up"), and the attempt to ban menthol cigarettes .
  • (18) The investigations were carried out with exogenous test substances (antipyrine, menthol and sulphadimidine) and by determination of D-glucaric acid excretion.
  • (19) No significant association was observed between either short-term (1-14 years) or long-term (15+ years) menthol use and lung cancer in logistic regression analyses adjusting for covariates.
  • (20) In the second study EtOH or a placebo was administered at 1530 across three days also in the presence of menthol.

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