(n.) The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
(n.) Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation.
(n.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These variants may serve as useful gene markers in alcohol research involving animal model studies with inbred strains in mice.
(2) PMS is more prevalent among women working outside the home, alcoholics, women of high parity, and women with toxemic tendency; it probably runs in families.
(3) The 14C-aminopyrine breath test was used to measure liver function in 14 normal subjects, 16 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 14 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and 29 patients taking a variety of drugs.
(4) The pancreatic changes are unlikely to be an artefact, but rather a direct toxic effect of the alcohol as confirmed by the biochemical changes.
(5) Evidence of fetal alcohol effects may be found for each outcome category.
(6) The difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations between the MI+ and MI- groups or between the MI+ and CHD- groups persisted after adjustment by analysis of covariance for the effect of physical activity, alcohol intake, obesity, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control.
(7) Veterans admitted to a 90-day alcoholism treatment program were administered the MMPI, and those who completed the program were retested before discharge.
(8) 1 The effects of chronic ethanol intake on the elimination kinetics of antipyrine were determined in nineteen male alcoholic subjects with comparison made to fourteen male volunteers.
(9) This study examines the costs of screening patients for alcohol problems.
(10) Alcohol abuse remains the predominant cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world.
(11) The acute effect of alcohol manifested itself by decreasing mitochondrial respiration, compensated by increased glycolytic activity of the myocardium so that myocardial energy phosphate concentration remained unchanged.
(12) The transmission of alcoholism and its effects are thereby lessened for future generations of children of alcoholics.
(13) More chronic use of alcohol resulted in a suppression of LH.
(14) Because of increasing alcoholism the importance of alcoholic organ lesions is also increasing.
(15) Allergic photocontact dermatitis developed in a patient to a commercial sunscreen preparation containing para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in an alcohol base.
(16) The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein.
(17) We found that whereas idarubicin was 2-5 times more potent than the other three anthracycline analogs against these tumor cell lines, idarubicinol was 16-122 times more active than the other alcohol metabolites against the same three cell lines.
(18) The phenomenon can be ascribed to the decrease in charge density due to the incorporation of dodecyl alcohol into SDS micelles.
(19) Most of the progressive cases were alcoholic, and some showed progression to advanced pancreatitis within 4 years.
(20) These data indicate that the development of HCC in HBV-negative alcoholics with cirrhosis occurs in relation to the development of macronodules and loss of liver weight, most likely along with the prolongation of the life span.
Morphine
Definition:
(n.) A bitter white crystalline alkaloid found in opium, possessing strong narcotic properties, and much used as an anodyne; -- called also morphia, and morphina.
Example Sentences:
(1) Intrathecal injection of zopiclone potentiated morphine antinociception, while the intracerebroventricular injection of zopiclone failed to enhance morphine antinociception and the intracerebroventricular injection of flumazepil to antagonize the intraperitoneal-zopiclone-induced increase in morphine antinociception.
(2) As a consequence, similar response curves were obtained for urine specimens containing morphine or barbiturates.
(3) The second experiments entailed use of the nonspecific opiate antagonist, naloxone, as well as the specific delta antagonist, ICI 154,129, against seizures induced by icv-administered morphine, morphiceptin, DADL, or DSLET.
(4) The results clearly show that the acute hyperthermia of unrestrained rats induced by either peripheral or central injections of morphine is not caused by activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis.
(5) We studied the effect of low-dose intrathecal morphine (0.00-0.20 mg) on pain relief and the incidence of side effects after cholecystectomy in 139 patients divided into eight groups according to intrathecal morphine dose: groups 1 (0.00 mg), 2 (0.04 mg), 3 (0.06 mg), 4 (0.08 mg), 5 (0.10 mg), 6 (0.12 mg), 7 (0.15 mg), and 8 (0.20 mg).
(6) In contrast, methysergide, ketanserin and 6-OHDA abolished the antisecretory effect of morphine.
(7) The analgesic activity of morphine was assessed by the hot-plate technique in the offspring of female CFE rats that had received morphine twice daily on days 5 to 12 of pregnancy.
(8) A marked analgesic effect was found after application of morphine hydrochloride patch containing Azone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
(9) From the results presented it appears that morphine produces a reciprocal change in the activity evoked in extensor and flexor reflex pathways.
(10) These marked steroid-induced changes in MS responsiveness could not be explained by altered pharmacokinetic disposition of morphine.
(11) Sixty-three patients were randomly divided into six groups by the following intrathecal morphine injection: group 1 (0 mg), group 2 (0.025 mg), group 3 (0.05 mg), group 4 (0.075 mg), group 5 (0.1 mg), and group 6 (0.125 mg).
(12) Additional studies on the blood to brain transport of human 125I-IL-1 alpha showed no modification by dexamethasone, morphine, indomethacin or alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone.
(13) At both 24 h and 1 week, the inflamed paw showed pronounced supersensitivity to the antinociceptive action of morphine against noxious pressure.
(14) These results are discussed in relation to previous reports suggesting a common addiction liability for both morphine and alcohol in inbred strains of animals.
(15) An altered response to morphine was obtained; the effect of morphine on copulatory behavior was diminished while morphine's effect on exploratory activity was potentiated.
(16) In the MVD, all esters appeared to irreversibly block the agonist effect of morphine, but none of the compounds irreversibly antagonized [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin to a significant degree.
(17) Morphine administered intracerebroventricularly had little effect on sexual responding, even at doses which produced other side effects.
(18) Morphine-induced vasoconstriction was antagonized by high concentrations of of naloxone or mepyramine and may be due to release of histamine by a naloxone-sensitive mechanism.
(19) In particular, the first tetrapeptide had twice the activity of morphine, while the potency of the dipeptides was less than one twentieth that of morphine.
(20) Morphine addition to the PGE1-stimulated minces did not prevent or reverse stimulation of [3H]cAMP accumulation in any of the three experimental groups.