(n.) The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
(n.) Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation.
(n.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) These variants may serve as useful gene markers in alcohol research involving animal model studies with inbred strains in mice.
(2) PMS is more prevalent among women working outside the home, alcoholics, women of high parity, and women with toxemic tendency; it probably runs in families.
(3) The 14C-aminopyrine breath test was used to measure liver function in 14 normal subjects, 16 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 14 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and 29 patients taking a variety of drugs.
(4) The pancreatic changes are unlikely to be an artefact, but rather a direct toxic effect of the alcohol as confirmed by the biochemical changes.
(5) Evidence of fetal alcohol effects may be found for each outcome category.
(6) The difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations between the MI+ and MI- groups or between the MI+ and CHD- groups persisted after adjustment by analysis of covariance for the effect of physical activity, alcohol intake, obesity, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control.
(7) Veterans admitted to a 90-day alcoholism treatment program were administered the MMPI, and those who completed the program were retested before discharge.
(8) 1 The effects of chronic ethanol intake on the elimination kinetics of antipyrine were determined in nineteen male alcoholic subjects with comparison made to fourteen male volunteers.
(9) This study examines the costs of screening patients for alcohol problems.
(10) Alcohol abuse remains the predominant cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world.
(11) The acute effect of alcohol manifested itself by decreasing mitochondrial respiration, compensated by increased glycolytic activity of the myocardium so that myocardial energy phosphate concentration remained unchanged.
(12) The transmission of alcoholism and its effects are thereby lessened for future generations of children of alcoholics.
(13) More chronic use of alcohol resulted in a suppression of LH.
(14) Because of increasing alcoholism the importance of alcoholic organ lesions is also increasing.
(15) Allergic photocontact dermatitis developed in a patient to a commercial sunscreen preparation containing para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in an alcohol base.
(16) The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein.
(17) We found that whereas idarubicin was 2-5 times more potent than the other three anthracycline analogs against these tumor cell lines, idarubicinol was 16-122 times more active than the other alcohol metabolites against the same three cell lines.
(18) The phenomenon can be ascribed to the decrease in charge density due to the incorporation of dodecyl alcohol into SDS micelles.
(19) Most of the progressive cases were alcoholic, and some showed progression to advanced pancreatitis within 4 years.
(20) These data indicate that the development of HCC in HBV-negative alcoholics with cirrhosis occurs in relation to the development of macronodules and loss of liver weight, most likely along with the prolongation of the life span.
Tobacco
Definition:
(n.) An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste.
(n.) The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways.
Example Sentences:
(1) The models are applied to estimate the demand for tobacco products in Finland.
(2) There was however no difference in the cross-sectional studies and no significant deleterious effect detected of tobacco use on forearm bone mineral content.
(3) They have actively intervened with governments, and particularly so in Africa.” José Luis Castro, president and chief executive officer of Vital Strategies, an organisation that promotes public health in developing countries, said: “The danger of tobacco is not an old story; it is the present.
(4) How big tobacco lost its final fight for hearts, lungs and minds Read more Shares in Imperial closed down 1% and British American Tobacco lost 0.75%, both underperforming the FTSE100’s 0.3% decline.
(5) The history of tobacco production and marketing is sketched, and the literature on chronic diseases related to smoking is summarized for the Pacific region.
(6) The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primrily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco.
(7) This structure could be constructed in intron 1 of tobacco rps12 gene.
(8) An important stratification factor, however, was related to tobacco usage.
(9) Chadwick felt that Customs and Trading Standards needed to continue their war on illegal tobacco – if not, efforts to tackle smoking could be undermined.
(10) These regions are also conserved in chloroplast DNA of tobacco.
(11) The policy was effective in reducing perceived environmental tobacco smoke exposure in work areas where smoking was banned but not in nonwork areas where smoking was allowed in designated areas.
(12) The group of tobacco smoking persons showed during rest, loads and in the restorative period more distinct disorders of cardio-vascular system values.
(13) Future increasing segments of females addicted to tobacco smoking will obviously markedly influence sex difference in morbidity.
(14) The Macassans traded iron, tobacco, cloth and gin for access to Yolngu waters.
(15) The present article reports a study of how such lifestyle habits, notably alcohol and tobacco consumption, are addressed in medical consultations.
(16) Cigarette smokers did not differ significantly from users of smokeless tobacco regarding hypercholesterolemia.
(17) However, most of these studies are difficult to interpret because they do not correctly take into account associated carcinogens such as tobacco smoke and other occupational carcinogens.
(18) The acute effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) on buccal mucosal transport and barrier function were studied by means of in vivo and in vitro techniques.
(19) The predilection of localization of epidermoid and small cell carcinomas in the upper lobes suggests a possible relationship to tobacco smoke inhalation as these regions have been shown to be more affected by the smoke.
(20) We have isolated an auxin-regulated cDNA, parB, from the early stage of cultured tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.