(v. t.) To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify.
(v. t.) To agitate; to affect mentally.
(v. t.) To geld.
(v. i.) To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure.
Example Sentences:
(1) Herpesviruses such as EBV, HSV, and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) have a marked tropism for cells of the immune system and therefore infection by these viruses may result in alterations of immune functions, leading at times to a state of immunosuppression.
(2) The process of sequence rearrangement appears to be a significant part of the evolution of the genome and may have a much greater effect on the evolution of the phenotype than sequence alteration by base substitution.
(3) The various evocational changes appear to form sets of interconnected systems and this complex network seems to embody some plasticity since it has been possible to suppress experimentally some of the most universal evocational events or alter their temporal order without impairing evocation itself.
(4) When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
(5) Morphological alterations in the lungs of pheasants after prolonged high-dosage administration of bleomycin sulfate were studied by light and electron microscopy.
(6) Incubation with IFN alpha or IFN gamma for 24 h resulted in only modest cytokinetic alterations, and they did not modify the effects of FUra.
(7) We report a series of experiments designed to determine if agents and conditions that have been reported to alter sodium reabsorption, Na-K-ATPase activity or cellular structure in the rat distal nephron might also regulate the density or affinity of binding of 3H-metolazone to the putative thiazide receptor in the distal nephron.
(8) In dorsoventral (DV) reversed wings at both shoulder or flank level, the motor axons do not alter their course as they enter the graft.
(9) Neither spermidine nor spermine (0.5 mM) significantly altered [Ca2+]i.
(10) In addition to the changes associated with blood group A, we also found a decrease in sugar content, alterations in other antigens, and changes in the levels of several glycosyltransferases in cancerous tissues.
(11) When the concentration of thrombin or fibrinogen was altered systematically, mu T and mup were found to mirror each other except when the fibrinogen concentration was increased at low thrombin concentrations.
(12) Arteries treated with atrial natriuretic peptide showed no alterations in relaxation or cGMP content after incubation with pertussis toxin.
(13) These results could be explained by altered tissue blood flow and a decreased metabolic capacity of the liver in obese subjects.
(14) The sequential histopathologic alterations in femorotibial joints of partial meniscectomized male and female guinea pigs were evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks post-surgery.
(15) However, survival was closely related to the severity of the illness at the time of randomization and was not altered by shunting.
(16) Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes.
(17) Since the advance and return of sperm inside the tubes could facilitate the interaction of sperm with secretions participating in its maturation, the persistent infertility after vasectomy could be related to the contractile alteration that follows the excessive tubal distention.
(18) Sixteen patients (27%) manifested anomalies of the urinary tract: 12 had markedly altered kidneys, 8 of which were unilateral and ipsilateral to the diaphragmatic defect.
(19) Corticosterone (4 x 10(-5) M) did not alter the stimulation-evoked 3H-overflow at 1-30 Hz.
(20) The results show that the presence of histones does not alter the bimodal DNA binding process.
Halter
Definition:
(n.) One who halts or limps; a cripple.
(n.) A strong strap or cord.
(n.) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse.
(n.) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose.
(v. t.) To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter.
Example Sentences:
(1) When the III between short intromissions from a rested male was experimentally increased to 100 s by use of a halter and lead device, the duration of lordosis was significantly less than that displayed by females paired with control males (8-s III) and virtually the same as that displayed by females paired with males that produced only long intromissions.
(2) The Dipteran flight appendages, the wings and halteres, develop from larval imaginal discs that also produce other sections of the second and third thoracic adult body segments.
(3) 15 minutes later a halter with two long ropes is put on to hold up the animals' heads after they lay down.
(4) Change in the pattern of aldehyde oxidase in bithorax mutants signals alteration in gene expression which at least for this particular enzyme correlates well with the morphological transformation from haltere to wing.
(5) In wild-type Drosophila melanogaster larvae, the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene is expressed in the haltere imaginal discs but not in the majority of cells of the wing imaginal discs.
(6) As expected, the pbx1 mutation led to reduced Ubx expression in the posterior compartment of the haltere disc; surprisingly, pbx1 also led to altered expression of the en protein near the compartment border in the central region of the disc.
(7) Two types of cuticular strain detectors, the campaniform sensilla on the haltere of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina, and the slit sensilla on the tibia of the spider, Cupiennius salei, were investigated.
(8) Contemporaneous accounts report his body was found among others slain, a halter was thrown around his neck, his naked body was slung over a horse with head, arms and legs dangling, and he was bought to a church in Leicester and irreverently buried.
(9) This can be readily determined by treating torticollis initially with head halter traction of three to four pounds' weight and observing whether it resolves in five of seven days.
(10) The rapid death of the flies may be ascribed to one or more of the following reasons: (i) reverse migration of numerous microfilariae from the expanded- to the tubular-part of the mid-gut, where they cause serious injury and disintegration of the gut epithelium; (ii) abrasive damage to the stomach epithelial cells by the invading microfilariae with occasional release of the gut contents into the haemocoele; (iii) interruption of the formation of the peritrophic membrane, particularly at its anterior and posterior ends, with subsequent failure of the flies to digest the blood in the stomach; (iv) passage of large amounts of parasitized blood from the stomach backwards into the hind-gut, leading to its mechanical obstruction and (v) invasion and injury of various organs of the fly, among them the ventral nerve-cord, brain, optic nerve, eye, halteres, fat-body and flight musculature by excessive numbers of microfilariae.
(11) Less frequent defects included fused or missing mouth parts and missing halteres.
(12) ap is presumably required for transcriptional regulation of genes involved in wing and haltere development.
(13) The dorsal and ventral histoblast nests within the first abdominal (A1) segment are shown not to be segmentally homologous with the metathoracic (T3) haltere and leg discs, respectively, since they occur at distinct dorso-ventral locations during normal development and can be found together within the same segment in mutants of the Bithorax complex (BX-C) where T3 is transformed towards A2-A4 or A1 towards T3.
(14) Distribution of the enzyme aldehyde oxidase in transformed haltere discs from the homoeotic bithorax series of mutants was investigated by histochemical means.
(15) The transformation of pT2 cells (wing) toward pT3 cells (haltere) is seen in adults carrying eight doses of wild type Ubx and bxd by decreasing the amount of the bithorax complex (BX-C) regulator Polycomb (Pc).
(16) We use a mutant (Haltere-mimic) to show that sequences that normally restrict segmental expression of Ubx in the ectoderm are located downstream from the RNA leader.
(17) The postbithorax (pbx) mutant, which transforms the posterior haltere into a structure resembling the posterior wing blade, reveals an aldehyde oxidase staining pattern in the haltere disc characteristic of the posterior side of the wing disc pouch.
(18) It is shown here that the transformed haltere disc closely resembles the previously established pattern in the wing disc with respect to aldehyde oxidase distribution.
(19) While circulating insulin levels may at times appear to be normal or even elevated in patients with NIDDM, depending on the control group for comparison and the glucose level at which subjects are studied, a profound impairment of pancreatic B-cell function is characteristic of NIDDM and contributes to the hyperglycemia in this condition (Halter, et al., 1985).
(20) We also report an exceptional vg allele (vg83b27) that produces an extreme wing and haltere phenotype, but which defines a second vg complementation unit.