(n.) A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.
(v. t.) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.
Example Sentences:
(1) Although alum adsorbed allergen could induce IgE synthesis in mice primed with liposome entrapped allergen the increase in serum specific IgE levels was lower than the animals primed and challenged with alum adsorbed allergen.
(2) Effective adjuvanticity as measured by the titre of the anti-peptide or anti-protein response in mice varied in the order: Algammulin, Montanide ISA 50 greater than or equal to Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA 708, 721, 70 much greater than alum, Squalene Arlacel greater than SAF-1.
(3) IgE levels in nude mice were estimated by the one-step single radial radiodiffusion method antisera prepared by immunization of guinea pigs with an IgE-rich fraction obtained from sera of normal mice infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and immunized with DNP-ovalbumin in alum gel.
(4) Over 90% of the anti-OVA antibodies were of the IgGl isotype with both adjuvants; OVA in alum induced slightly more IgGl anti-OVA antibodies than cFA.
(5) Sections are brought to water, stained in Delafield's alum hematoxylin for 10 minutes, washed in tap water for 10 minutes, counterstained in 1% Procion brillant orange M-GS for 15 minutes and washed in distilled water for 10 minutes.
(6) The antibody responses of animals immunised with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA), diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-dextran) and aluminium hydroxide (alum) were compared with the response to antigen administered in the absence of adjuvants.
(7) Wash thoroughly in water and place in 4% iron alum solution for two hours.
(8) The stability of ragweed extracts as measured by Antigen E content is markedly enhanced with little loss after 15 month storage at 4 degrees C, when the extract is prepared as an alum precipitated suspension.
(9) The choice of the carrier seemed to play an important role for both the level and maintenance of the secondary IgG response, attained as a consequence of a booster immunization with TT-alum.
(10) Six commercially available clostridial vaccines comprising one oil-emulsion, two alum-precipitated and three aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted preparations, each containing between two and seven antigenic components, were administered to groups of 10 rabbits and eight sheep in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations.
(11) So those undesirable gastric mucosa side effects that can be observed or presumed by the intake of NaF and CaF2 + alum are presumably neglibile.
(12) We reported previously that CBA mice pretreated with dinitrophenyl-Bordetella pertussis (DNP-BP) conjugates exhibited sharply decreased anti-DNP IgE, and increased IgG2a antibodies following immunization with DNP-ovalbumin (DNP-OA) in alum.
(13) An experimental review of the Feulgen and gallocyanine-chrome-alum stains for quantitative cytophotometry of DNA in tissue sections yielded information on the preparation and staining of tissue for quantitative absorbance microspectrophotometry.
(14) Alum, due to its safety and efficacy remains the drug of first choice for persistent vesical hematuria.
(15) Antibodies to the preparation were induced in rabbits by using alum as an adjuvant.
(16) Prior inoculation of mice with alum-adsorbed anti-idiotype potentiated the immune response to a subsequent inoculation with either native HBsAg particles or with a synthetic HBsAg peptide.
(17) Genetically modified M (pre-S2+S; P31) protein (M-P31c) particles were formulated into a vaccine (TGP-943) through adsorption on to an alum adjuvant.
(18) Sequential treatment with 5 X Denhardt's solution followed by gelatin-chrome alum resulted in enhanced specificity of labelling and excellent chromosome morphology, as well as reduced levels of background.
(19) Despite positive staining reactions with the presumptive neurosecretory stains, paraldehyde-fuchsin and chrome-alum-hematoxylin, ultrastructurally these glands exhibit many non-neural characteristics.
(20) Primary immunization with alum prepared using AlK(SO4)2 and adjuvant enhanced IgE production in the guinea pig.
Steep
Definition:
(a.) Bright; glittering; fiery.
(v. t.) To soak in a liquid; to macerate; to extract the essence of by soaking; as, to soften seed by steeping it in water. Often used figuratively.
(v. i.) To undergo the process of soaking in a liquid; as, the tea is steeping.
(n.) Something steeped, or used in steeping; a fertilizing liquid to hasten the germination of seeds.
(n.) A rennet bag.
(v. t.) Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon; ascending or descending rapidly with respect to a horizontal line or a level; precipitous; as, a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep declivity; a steep barometric gradient.
(v. t.) Difficult of access; not easy reached; lofty; elevated; high.
(v. t.) Excessive; as, a steep price.
(n.) A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock, or ascent; any elevated object sloping with a large angle to the plane of the horizon; a precipice.
Example Sentences:
(1) The dose response effect in this tumor is steep and combinations which compromise the dose of adriamycin too greatly are showing inferior results.
(2) Steep longitudinal and transverse gradients of glycogen are known to exist in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig, with preferential accumulation in the outer hair cells of the apical turns.
(3) The steep portion of the relationship between Retzius cell action potential amplitude and membrane potential extrapolated to an apparent reversal potential of -13 mV.
(4) This property of endotoxin can serve as a sensitive bioassay, although the dose-response curve is steep.
(5) With its steep hills and cobblestones, the neighbourhood of São Cristóvão in Ouro Preto isn’t an easy place to play football.
(6) Four patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus developed peripheral corneal ulcers with steep central edges.
(7) The results showed that measurements of impression profiles and SEM photogrammetry gave the most accurate results adjacent to regions simulating steep cavity margins, whereas the profilometric technique gave erroneous results in these regions.
(8) The intensity dependence of the early ganglion cell discharge, its latency and initial impulse frequency, is shown to follow from such a waveform, assuming that 1) latency L = l + D, where l is the time it takes for the rod response linearly summed over the ganglion cell's receptive field to reach a criterion amplitude, and D is a constant delay; and 2) the initial frequency (below saturation) is proportional to the steepness of rise of the summed rod response at time l. It is shown that the intensity dependences of 1) human visual latency and 2) brightness sensation, including effects of stimulus area and duration, are accounted for by the same model.
(9) The new protocol (standardised exponential exercise protocol, STEEP) is suitable for use on either a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer.
(10) Based on the signals observed by organ absorbance spectrophotometry from two compartments with oxidases of markedly different O2 sensitivity, the mitochondria and the peroxisomes, a distribution between high O2 and zero O2 zones is postulated, an intermediate border zone of O2 concentrations between the K0,5 (O2) values being virtually absent (steep intercellular O2 gradients).
(11) A man who had been near them reached the hotel terrace first, scrambling up a steep sandy bank.
(12) Patients with steep sloping audiograms understand better and patients with a conductive hearing loss component understand less in noisy circumstances with a hearing aid.
(13) The operational values are useful in characterising the steepness of dose-incidence curves for normal tissue injury after different fractionation schedules.
(14) Scarborough council said leaving the houses standing could cause a domino-effect down the steep slope above the picturesque harbour where the explorer Captain James Cook lodged and learned his seafaring skills.
(15) It is shown that this individual exhibits approximate alignment of her photoreceptors with the center of the retinal sphere, clear evidence of side lobes on functions, and surprisingly steep SCE I functions.
(16) For cross-linked alpha alpha, however, the curve sags at temperatures somewhat below the region of principal cooperative loss of helix, the latter occurring at higher temperature but with the same steepness as in the non-cross-linked case.
(17) A reduced venous compliance (VC) and inadequate venoconstriction may impair hemodynamics during hemodialysis, the first by impairing plasma volume preservation and by inducing a steep fall in central venous pressure (CVP) during minor plasma volume loss, the second by inadequate mobilization of hemodynamically inactive blood volume.
(18) A generally similar pattern is seen in healthy controls and in patients with untreated pulmonary tuberculosis, treated leprosy, haemophilia A and chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) patients treated with prednisolone, but the gradient of increasing CD4:CD8 ratio with depth into the dermis is significantly less steep in patients with tuberculosis, haemophilia and prednisolone-treated COLD than in the healthy controls.
(19) Some problem drugs may be recognized if they display one or more of the following characteristics: narrow therapeutic index, steep dose-effect relationship, nonlinear kinetics, variable bioavailability, and pharmacogenetically determined kinetics.
(20) Replacement of a half of Ca++ ions by Sr++ resulted in an augmentation of steepness of the dependence on sum of [Ca++] and [Sp++], and in a more prominent fall in relaxation velocity as compared with contraction velocity.