(1) When electroporated into maize protoplasts from a suspension cell line not synthesizing anthocyanins, reporter genes with Bz2, Bz1, and A1 promoters are expressed only when both R and C1 expression plasmids are co-electroporated.
(2) The natural colorant area can be subdivided into anthocyanins, betalains, chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, Monascus, hemes, quinones, biliproteins, safflower, turmeric, and miscellaneous.
(3) The B locus in maize is required for the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments.
(4) The growth characteristics on various media of solid and liquid suspension cultures derived from the stem of the tea plant are described; chlorophyll and anthocyanin synthesis occurred in the light.
(5) Analysis of their expression patterns with respect to organ specificity, floral differentiation, and response to light suggests that these genes are not involved in controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis, unlike the characterized myb-related genes C1 and Pl from maize.
(6) The alanine analogue 1-aminoethylphosphinate [H3C-CH(NH2)-PO2H2] effectively inhibited anthocyanin synthesis in buckwheat hypocotyls and caused an increase in the concentrations of alanine and alanine-derived metabolites.
(7) Genetic studies in maize have identified several regulatory genes that control the tissue-specific synthesis of the purple anthocyanin pigments during development.
(8) The delila (del) gene regulates the pattern of red anthocyanin pigmentation in Antirrhinum majus plants.
(9) In the course of isolation anthocyanins, carmine, betanin, caramel and riboflavin are separated from synthetic dyes, as well as from one another, with the exception of first two, which are separated from one another by chromatography or distinguished by oxidation.
(10) The maize Bronze-2 (Bz2) gene, whose product acts late in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, has been cloned and its transcript has been mapped.
(11) There was a considerable difference in the inhibitory ability of different purified anthocyanins but all were selective for PST P. Several other phenolic food colorants were also found to be specific inhibitors of PST P, though less potent in their actions.
(12) The combined and polymerised anthocyanins generally remain present in regard-less of wine age.
(13) The results demonstrate the desirable effects of anthocyanins on quality.
(14) Chalcone synthase was purified to homogeneity by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from cell suspension cultures of carrot in which anthocyanin synthesis was induced by transferring the cells from a medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) to one lacking it.
(15) Between overall quality and the contents of total pigments, total anthocyanins, coloured anthocyanins and the tasters' mean colour scores; b. Flavour and the contents of total pigments and total anthocyanins.
(16) Four-point linkage data support the differentiation of c-p (in the alleles derived from either W22 or K55 inbreds) from c-n. Light and germination conditions are both required for anthocyanin synthesis in c-p tissue, but light "induction" and germination "induction" are two separable events inasmuch as the light stimulus can be stored.
(17) cDNA clones were isolated from tissue specific cDNA libraries of barley and maize using as a probe the cDNA of the maize gene C1, a regulator of anthocyanin gene expression.
(18) We also assayed the activity of CHS and another enzyme in the anthocyanin pathway, flavone 3-hydroxylase, in hypocotyl extracts of wild-type tomato and a number of anthocyanin-deficient mutants.
(19) The dominant I gene inhibits accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in epidermal cells of the soybean seed coat.
(20) Each of the three transformants, lines 16, 17 and 24, contained a fragment of a plasmid on which two genes were located, an npt-II gene which renders the plants resistant to kanamycin and the A1 gene from Zea mays, a visible marker gene that leads to the production of a brick red anthocyanin pigment in the flowers.
Violet
Definition:
(n.) Any plant or flower of the genus Viola, of many species. The violets are generally low, herbaceous plants, and the flowers of many of the species are blue, while others are white or yellow, or of several colors, as the pansy (Viola tricolor).
(n.) The color of a violet, or that part of the spectrum farthest from red. It is the most refrangible part of the spectrum.
(n.) In art, a color produced by a combination of red and blue in equal proportions; a bluish purple color.
(n.) Any one of numerous species of small violet-colored butterflies belonging to Lycaena, or Rusticus, and allied genera.
(n.) Dark blue, inclining to red; bluish purple; having a color produced by red and blue combined.
Example Sentences:
(1) Paraffin sections (8 microns) containing the medial habenular nucleus were stained with cresyl violet and both left and right medial habenular nuclei were measured by planimetry.
(2) Transition of the dye into the carbinol form is in water extremely slow, but is greatly accelerated in the presence of an organic phase, at least for malachite green and brilliant green, but not for crystal violet and pararosaniline.
(3) The spectra were obtained with a variety of excitation wavelengths, spanning the UV, violet, and yellow-green regions of the absorption spectrum, and at temperatures of 30 and 200 K. The RR data indicate that the structures of the bacteriochlorin pigments in RCs from Rb.
(4) Polarization microscopic studies proved that Levafix Red Violet E-2BL is bound to well-oriented fibrous proteins in glia fibers.
(5) Stationary-phase cells of Escherichia coli were enumerated by the pour plate method on Trypticase soy agar containing 0.3% yeast extract (TSYA), violet red-bile agar, and desoxycholate-lactose agar, and by the most-probable-number method in Brilliant Green-bile broth and lauryl sulfate broth.
(6) The persistency of elution over long time after subsequent transfer to fresh water was calculated at 210 nm absorbance with ultra violet spectrometer.
(7) Eliminating the lymphocytes from ultra-violet radiated blood specimens, we observed a decreased effect by this retransfused blood on the whole blood viscosity after 9 radiations to 18%.
(8) After 3 days, marked lesions were noted in SNPR and GP as seen with cresyl violet staining.
(9) For quantitative measurement of Coli and Coliform microorganisms five different culture media were used (Endoagar, Hexachlorophene Endoagar, Desoxycholatcitrat Agar, Violet Red Bile Agar and Brilliant Green Broth).
(10) A complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, including the establishment of indications for operative treatment, development of tactics, use of ++physico-technical methods (ultrasound study, rheography, electrocardiography, ++roentgeno-contrast angiography, ultra-violet blood irradiation, electromyostimulation) was developed.
(11) The Infinity towel comes in colours more vibrant than one might expect from an eco-friendly product, including coral, green, blue and violet.
(12) In addition, a number of antiparasitic agents have been shown to exert their actions through a free radical metabolism: nitro compounds used against trypanosomatids, anaerobic protozoa and helminths; crystal violet used in blood banks to prevent blood transmission of Chagas' disease; the antimalarial primaquine, chloroquinine, and quinhasou; and quinones active in vitro and in vivo against different parasites.
(13) Ultra-violet and infra-red rays are inactive on the autonomic retina and on the hypothalamus.
(14) Studies in this country more than 20 years ago implicating ultra-violet light as a factor in the aetiology of malignant melanoma are being ratified by epidemiologic studies in the United States.
(15) One of these receptor pigments is a blue-light receptor with positive action; the other is a violet-red-light receptor which can operate far below the photosynthetic threshold and exerts a negative regulation.
(16) These organisms tolerated concentrations of crystal violet and ethyl violet about 100-fold higher at pH 5.0 than at pH 9.0.
(17) After incubation, the surviving cells were fixed with methanol and stained with crystal violet.
(18) Cellular proliferation on the crystal violet staining.
(19) Mutant W 1421 mostly studied shows the following phenotypic properties not found in the wild-type: (1) The growth is hypersensitive to various antibiotics, detergents and dyes which differ remarkably in their chemical structure and antibacterial action-mechanism, (2) the cells can be easily solubilized by 0;05% Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate, (3) the cells allow the adsorption of the rough-mutant specific Salmonella phage 6SR; (4) strong cellular binding of crystal violet, (5) agglutination of the cells in 0.3% auramin solution and (6) reduced formation of red pigment.
(20) On the other hand, the CRU emails hardly suggest that the scientists are shrinking violets.