(n.) The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property.
Example Sentences:
(1) Avian intrafusal fibers are separable into types based on differences in myosin heavy chain composition and motor innervation, but apportionment of these fiber types to individual spindles is more variable in birds than in mammals.
(2) The model is evaluated for a wide range of notional patterns of noise exposure, leading to a simple equation which predicts the relative attribution of disability to previous noise exposures sufficiently accurately for the purposes of apportionment.
(3) A related approach is a system of " formulary apportionment " where companies are taxed on the basis of their economic activity and income within a particular geographic jurisdiction rather than arbitrary allocation of costs to geographical areas.
(4) The United States already uses formula apportionment internally; it sees the virtue of this system.
(5) That’s the beauty of the reformed corporate tax system, known as formula apportionment, that I’m supporting.
(6) For years, they have been blocking attempts to move to an apportionment system within the European Union.
(7) As of now, Clinton has a lead of just over two-tenths of a percent over Sanders in the overall apportionment of delegates in Iowa.
(8) The District Economics Group devised the concept of “ single sales factor apportionment ” – a mechanism that treats company income as a function of how much is sold in a particular country rather than how much profit is declared in that country; thus it proposes taxing corporations based on where sales are made, not where profits are reported.
(9) Work should start at once on the establishment of a fair apportionment of emissions country by country, based on the principle of contraction and convergence.
(10) The results are incompatible with subject-relative displacement as the sole determining factor of motion induction and they present some difficulties for the hypothesis that induced motion is the result of the apportionment of the objective displacement of the frame.
(11) Although the amount of money spent was higher in each year, little change occurred in the relative size or the apportionment of the funds.
(12) The modular rotor design consists of a discoidal center insert for eluent and sample apportionment, the chromatographic columns, and flow-through cuvetts-all mounted on an aluminum base plate.
(13) So, this paper shows the apportionment loads of dental bridges and the dependence of the elastic constants of abutment teeth.
(14) The effects of explicit strategy training, generalized instruction, and no training on recall performance and apportionment of study time were compared.
(15) In an effort to determine that role, a questionnaire survey was conducted of the apportionment, direction, duties, and training of anesthesia technicians in teaching departments.
(16) The increase in cell volume (from electronic cell sizing) and the apportionment of this volume amongst the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial subcellular compartments (from electron microscopy) were studied throughout the cell division cycle in partially synchronized cultures of Chinese hamster V79-S171 cells.
(17) Source apportionment of the mutagenic activity observed in urban air shows that vehicles and residential heating are major contributors to the ambient mutagenicity of the aerosol fraction.
(18) It should always be remembered that the assumptions determine much of the final solution, including the apportionment of trend to the different components, age, period, or cohort.
(19) Apportionment of liability for noise-induced hearing loss is required in medicolegal work when two or more separate instances of noise exposure have occurred.
(20) In general there are insufficient audiometric records to determine how much hearing loss was caused by each noise exposure, and hence there is insufficient information on which to base apportionment of liability.
Taxation
Definition:
(n.) The act of laying a tax, or of imposing taxes, as on the subjects of a state, by government, or on the members of a corporation or company, by the proper authority; the raising of revenue; also, a system of raising revenue.
(n.) The act of taxing, or assessing a bill of cost.
(n.) Tax; sum imposed.
(n.) Charge; accusation.
Example Sentences:
(1) Writing in the Observer , Schmidt said his company's accounts were complicated but complied with international taxation treaties that allowed it to pay most of its tax in the United States.
(2) One-nation prime ministers like Cameron found the libertarians useful for voting against taxation; inconvenient when they got too loud about heavy-handed government.
(3) Scottish voters could be offered even greater freedoms on taxation and social policy after Labour said it would consider "radical" new powers under devolution.
(4) "The rise in those who are self-employed is good news, but the reality is that those who have turned to freelance work in order to pull themselves out of unemployment and those who have decided to work for themselves face a challenging tax maze that could land them in hot water should they get it wrong," says Chas Roy-Chowdhury, head of taxation at the Association of Certified Chartered Accountants.
(5) Continuing corporate concerns over the costs of health care, and recent changes in federal policies regarding Medicare and the taxation of employee benefit funds, threaten to alter the system of postretirement health benefits substantially and perhaps irrevocably for many.
(6) The Tony Abbott lecturing the American president on taxation fairness is, of course, the one who as Australian prime minister is presiding over policies of taxation amnesty for the richest Australians who have themselves offshored their hidden wealth, capping their taxable liability to merely the last four years.
(7) The hideously unfair council tax system would be replaced by land value taxation , through which everyone would benefit from the speculative gains now monopolised by a few.
(8) What we are witnessing is the collision of two imperfect storms: the Conservative party’s turmoil over the future of taxation, and the transformation of the economy.
(9) And he insisted that if the states ended up with slightly different tax rates it would not amount to “double taxation”.
(10) If implemented, the ESM will reverse the greatest 19th-century political achievement in Europe: the transfer of the power to determine taxation and expenditure from unaccountable monarchical governments to formally accountable parliaments.
(11) The "no taxation without representation" principle, usefully established in another context, points to a different approach.
(12) At the same time, the government’s reduction in public sector funding has seen the Australian Taxation Office shed 2,300 jobs.
(13) A failure of the EU ETS would distort the internal market with the emergence of a patchwork of 27 different energy and climate measures ranging from regulations to taxation."
(14) Taxation may be just a part of any solution, but it is fundamentally necessary for two reasons.
(15) Because pension incomes are taxable, and pensioners would have more to spend – generating indirect taxation – and the number of people on social security would be lower, the Exchequer would benefit by between £1.7bn and £3bn.
(16) John Whiting, tax policy director of the Chartered Institute of Taxation, explains that there is a sound principle behind it: to provide administrative simplification.
(17) It was only after a combination of heavy taxation (price), heavy legislation (banning smoking in public places), and heavy propaganda (warnings on packets; an effective, sustained anti-smoking advertising campaign; and most crucially, education in schools) was brought to bear on a resistant tobacco industry that smoking became a pariah activity for a new generation of potential consumers, and real, lasting change took place.
(18) An Oxford Business School's Centre for Business Taxation survey highlighted concerns about "a particular dearth of people who have the technical expertise to deal with the challenges presented by large business".
(19) Proposed policy remedies often involve transfers through taxation, though the effects of government taxation often reduce the efficiency of publicly financed health insurance.
(20) How can a government be held responsible for taxation if it becomes the opposition when education and health are discussed?