(n.) A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.
Example Sentences:
(1) Powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed Areca nut with Piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean pH to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are generated from betel quid ingredients in vitro.
(2) Areca nut extract in a dose-dependent manner decreases cell survival, vital dye accumulation, and membrane integrity, and it causes formation of both DNA single strand breaks and DNA protein cross-links.
(3) Among cases, 98% chewed areca nut regularly in one form or the other whereas among controls 35% chewed areca nut, giving an overall relative risk of 109.6.
(4) Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut.
(5) Taken together, the observed pathobiological effects of areca-nut extract and certain related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells indicate that these agents may contribute to the oral carcinogenicity associated with chewing betel quid.
(6) Only unprocessed areca nuts (R-UP-SD, R-UP-SD-WS and R-UP-UD-WS), at high doses, displayed a very weak carcinogenicity.
(7) We have evaluated the carcinogenicity of different preparations of areca nut: ripe-unprocessed-sundried nut (R-UP-SD), ripe-processed-sundried nut (R-P-SD), unripe-processed-sundried nut (UR-P-SD), ripe-unprocessed-sundried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-SD-WS) and ripe-unprocessed-undried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-UD-WS) in mice following diet-feeding or oral feeding for 12 months.
(8) The petroleum ether, alcoholic, and aqueous extracts of 5 indigenous plants, known to have antifertility activity in female rats and mice (Areca catechu Linn, Carica papaya Linn, Daucus carota Linn, Mentha arvensis Linn and polygonum hydropiper Linn), were evaluated for their possible antiovulatory activity in rabbits with copper-induced ovulation.
(9) A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and slaked lime.
(10) Although the decrease in the incidence in the intervention cohort was not statistically significant due to small number of cases, the results underscored the causal role of areca nut chewing and indicated the potential for primary prevention of oral submucous fibrosis.
(11) A TLC-densitometric method for the determination of arecoline in Semen Arecae (Areca catechu) was established, and arecoline content in three Semen Arecae (Imported, Hainan, Guanzhou) was determined.
(12) It is shown that there exists a correlationship between betel quid or areca nut chewing habit and oral cancer.
(13) The free calcium hydroxide content and pH of 25 lime samples were highly correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species from areca nut extract in vitro, and DNA damage in vitro, measured as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.
(14) The results also imply that, besides arecoline, there may be some other water-extractable substances in the areca nut that make the extract more genotoxic.
(15) The Areca-derived 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN) was tested for its tumor initiating activity on mouse skin and for its tumorigenic potential in the oral mucosa of rats.
(16) Mixtures of 75-150 g areca nuts and 50-100 g pumpkin seeds were judged effective and safe.
(17) In one, used mainly by aborigines, fresh areca nut was simply wrapped with betel leaf and in another, popular mainly among Chinese, a lengthwise piece of betel fruit and lime paste was sandwiched between two halves of an areca nut.
(18) Finally, the genotoxicity of the salivary areca-nut-specific carcinogen 3-(N-nitrosomethyl-amino)propionaldehyde, was demonstrated by the formation of DNA protein cross-links and DNA single-strand breaks in normal buccal epithelial cells.
(19) Because of its origin and partially transformed phenotype, DOK presents an opportunity to study whether specific carcinogens associated with tobacco and areca nut can cause malignant transformation of oral keratinocytes in vitro.
(20) Then, they report on the three main basic components: Piper betle L. leaf, Areca catechu nut, and slaked lime.
Family
Definition:
(v. t.) The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.
(v. t.) The group comprising a husband and wife and their dependent children, constituting a fundamental unit in the organization of society.
(v. t.) Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe, clan, or race; kindred; house; as, the human family; the family of Abraham; the father of a family.
(v. t.) Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors; lineage.
(v. t.) Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock; as, a man of family.
(v. t.) A group of kindred or closely related individuals; as, a family of languages; a family of States; the chlorine family.
(v. t.) A group of organisms, either animal or vegetable, related by certain points of resemblance in structure or development, more comprehensive than a genus, because it is usually based on fewer or less pronounced points of likeness. In zoology a family is less comprehesive than an order; in botany it is often considered the same thing as an order.
Example Sentences:
(1) The role of the family practitioner in antenatal care is discussed.
(2) The findings indicate that there is still a significant incongruence between the value structure of most family practice units and that of their institutions but that many family practice units are beginning to achieve parity of promotion and tenure with other departments in their institutions.
(3) It is recognized that caregivers encompass family members and nursing staff.
(4) PMS is more prevalent among women working outside the home, alcoholics, women of high parity, and women with toxemic tendency; it probably runs in families.
(5) 62.1% were from disrupted families (39.5% divorced, 12.9% remarried, and 9.7% widowed).
(6) Serum samples from 23 families, including a total of 48 affected children, were tested for a set of "classical markers."
(7) Among a family of 8 children, 4 presented typical clinical and biological abnormalities related to mannosidosis.
(8) Complementarity determining regions (CDR) are conserved to different extents, with the first CDR region in all family members being among the most conserved segments of the molecule.
(9) This result demonstrates that branching enzyme belongs to a family of the amylolytic enzymes.
(10) The correlates of three characteristics of familial networks (i.e., residential proximity, family affection, and family contact) were examined among a national sample of older Black Americans.
(11) During the study period four family outbreaks and seven recurrences of infection were observed.
(12) Because many wnt genes are also expressed in the lung, we have examined whether the wnt family member wnt-2 (irp) plays a role in lung development.
(13) Twelve families with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) were studied by linkage analysis using 10 polymorphic marker loci from the X-chromosome pericentromeric region.
(14) As players, we want what's right, and we feel like no one in his family should be able to own the team.” The NBA has also said that Shelly Sterling should not remain as owner.
(15) Family therapists have attempted to convert the acting-out behavioral disorders into an effective state, i.e., make the family aware of their feelings of deprivation by focusing on the aggressive component.
(16) Mutational mosaicism was used as a developmental model to analyze 1,500 sporadic and 179 familial cases of retinoblastoma from the world literature.
(17) In this paper, we report the cases of 4 male patients (mean age 32.7 yr) with right-ventricular dysplasia, that occurred in familial form.
(18) The frequency of gastric malignancies in the families of the women with gastric polyps was higher than in the controls and in men, 6.2, 3.1 and 2.4 percent, respectively (p less than 0.05, and p less than 0.025).
(19) The family comprises at least three variable (V) gene segments, three constant (C) gene segments, and three junction (J) gene segments.
(20) Obesity in the Pimas is familial and has complex relationships with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a common disease in this population.