(n.) A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.
Example Sentences:
(1) Powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed Areca nut with Piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean pH to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are generated from betel quid ingredients in vitro.
(2) Areca nut extract in a dose-dependent manner decreases cell survival, vital dye accumulation, and membrane integrity, and it causes formation of both DNA single strand breaks and DNA protein cross-links.
(3) Among cases, 98% chewed areca nut regularly in one form or the other whereas among controls 35% chewed areca nut, giving an overall relative risk of 109.6.
(4) Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut.
(5) Taken together, the observed pathobiological effects of areca-nut extract and certain related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells indicate that these agents may contribute to the oral carcinogenicity associated with chewing betel quid.
(6) Only unprocessed areca nuts (R-UP-SD, R-UP-SD-WS and R-UP-UD-WS), at high doses, displayed a very weak carcinogenicity.
(7) We have evaluated the carcinogenicity of different preparations of areca nut: ripe-unprocessed-sundried nut (R-UP-SD), ripe-processed-sundried nut (R-P-SD), unripe-processed-sundried nut (UR-P-SD), ripe-unprocessed-sundried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-SD-WS) and ripe-unprocessed-undried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-UD-WS) in mice following diet-feeding or oral feeding for 12 months.
(8) The petroleum ether, alcoholic, and aqueous extracts of 5 indigenous plants, known to have antifertility activity in female rats and mice (Areca catechu Linn, Carica papaya Linn, Daucus carota Linn, Mentha arvensis Linn and polygonum hydropiper Linn), were evaluated for their possible antiovulatory activity in rabbits with copper-induced ovulation.
(9) A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and slaked lime.
(10) Although the decrease in the incidence in the intervention cohort was not statistically significant due to small number of cases, the results underscored the causal role of areca nut chewing and indicated the potential for primary prevention of oral submucous fibrosis.
(11) A TLC-densitometric method for the determination of arecoline in Semen Arecae (Areca catechu) was established, and arecoline content in three Semen Arecae (Imported, Hainan, Guanzhou) was determined.
(12) It is shown that there exists a correlationship between betel quid or areca nut chewing habit and oral cancer.
(13) The free calcium hydroxide content and pH of 25 lime samples were highly correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species from areca nut extract in vitro, and DNA damage in vitro, measured as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.
(14) The results also imply that, besides arecoline, there may be some other water-extractable substances in the areca nut that make the extract more genotoxic.
(15) The Areca-derived 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN) was tested for its tumor initiating activity on mouse skin and for its tumorigenic potential in the oral mucosa of rats.
(16) Mixtures of 75-150 g areca nuts and 50-100 g pumpkin seeds were judged effective and safe.
(17) In one, used mainly by aborigines, fresh areca nut was simply wrapped with betel leaf and in another, popular mainly among Chinese, a lengthwise piece of betel fruit and lime paste was sandwiched between two halves of an areca nut.
(18) Finally, the genotoxicity of the salivary areca-nut-specific carcinogen 3-(N-nitrosomethyl-amino)propionaldehyde, was demonstrated by the formation of DNA protein cross-links and DNA single-strand breaks in normal buccal epithelial cells.
(19) Because of its origin and partially transformed phenotype, DOK presents an opportunity to study whether specific carcinogens associated with tobacco and areca nut can cause malignant transformation of oral keratinocytes in vitro.
(20) Then, they report on the three main basic components: Piper betle L. leaf, Areca catechu nut, and slaked lime.
Forest
Definition:
(n.) An extensive wood; a large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been cultivated.
(n.) A large extent or precinct of country, generally waste and woody, belonging to the sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game for his use, not inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and protected by certain laws, courts, and officers of its own.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan.
(v. t.) To cover with trees or wood.
Example Sentences:
(1) A golden toad (Bufo periglenes) in Monteverde Cloud forest reserve in Puntarenas province of Costa Rica.
(2) In conjunction with the development of a computerized goal-oriented record system at Forest Hospital Des Plaines, Illinois, research staff developed a psychiatric goal list from goal statements most frequently used at the hospital.
(3) Celebrity woodlanders Tax breaks and tree-hugging already draw the wealthy and well-known to buy British forests.
(4) As yet there is no evidence that the occurrence of savanna flies in the rain forest zone of Liberia was of epidemiological significance.
(5) James Goodman, chairman of the Wyre Forest GPs' Association, said: "We didn't necessarily fully support the changes at the start of the process.
(6) The report warned that 24m acres of unprotected forest lands across the southeastern US are at risk, largely from European biomass operations.
(7) Ecologic studies of small mammals in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were conducted in 1974 in order to identify the specific habitats within the Lower Montane Forest that support Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus.
(8) Mice pretreated with Bru-Pel were protected against challenge with otherwise lethal doses of Semliki Forest virus.
(9) Israeli policemen search the area after a body of a Palestinian youth was found in a Jerusalem's forest area.
(10) No sick or dead monkeys were found in all the forests checked around Entebbe area during the epizootic.
(11) Countries would have to show, from historical data, satellite imagery and through direct measurement of trees, the extent, condition and the carbon content of their forests.
(12) It forecasts the pressure on forests will increase as world population grows by more than 2.5 billion people in the next 40 years.
(13) I salute you.” So clear-fall logging and burning of the tallest flowering forests on the planet, with provision for the dynamiting of trees over 80 metres tall, is an ultimate good in Abbott’s book of ecological wisdom.
(14) This paper reports selected results of a quantitative study of the affective behavior of the Efe, exchange-dependent hunter-gatherers of the Ituri forest in northeastern Zaire.
(15) In the southern state of Karnataka, corruption is blamed for uncontrolled mining in vast areas of protected forest.
(16) The well drained soils of the Suiá--Missu forest are very uniform, deep latosols (oxisols) of very dystrophic nature with pH (in water) between 4.0 and 5.0 (see table 2, p. 203).
(17) Tree deaths Higher rates of tree death and forest dieback have been increasingly attributed to climate change.
(18) Days and Nights in the Forest , which began as a comedy about Calcuttan gents on safari for aboriginal villagers, before shading into something almost too dark for my comprehension.
(19) The Semliki Forest virus spike subunit E2, a membrane-spanning protein, was transported to the plasma membrane in BHK cells after its carboxy terminus, including the intramembranous and cytoplasmic portions, was replaced by respective fragments of either the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein or the fowl plague virus hemagglutinin.
(20) The antibody response against flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE), West Nile fever (WNF), Japanese B encephalitis (JE), dengue 2 (DEN-2), and yellow fever (YF) was studied in humans after administration of an inactivated TBE virus vaccine.