(n.) A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.
Example Sentences:
(1) Powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed Areca nut with Piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean pH to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are generated from betel quid ingredients in vitro.
(2) Areca nut extract in a dose-dependent manner decreases cell survival, vital dye accumulation, and membrane integrity, and it causes formation of both DNA single strand breaks and DNA protein cross-links.
(3) Among cases, 98% chewed areca nut regularly in one form or the other whereas among controls 35% chewed areca nut, giving an overall relative risk of 109.6.
(4) Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut.
(5) Taken together, the observed pathobiological effects of areca-nut extract and certain related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells indicate that these agents may contribute to the oral carcinogenicity associated with chewing betel quid.
(6) Only unprocessed areca nuts (R-UP-SD, R-UP-SD-WS and R-UP-UD-WS), at high doses, displayed a very weak carcinogenicity.
(7) We have evaluated the carcinogenicity of different preparations of areca nut: ripe-unprocessed-sundried nut (R-UP-SD), ripe-processed-sundried nut (R-P-SD), unripe-processed-sundried nut (UR-P-SD), ripe-unprocessed-sundried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-SD-WS) and ripe-unprocessed-undried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-UD-WS) in mice following diet-feeding or oral feeding for 12 months.
(8) The petroleum ether, alcoholic, and aqueous extracts of 5 indigenous plants, known to have antifertility activity in female rats and mice (Areca catechu Linn, Carica papaya Linn, Daucus carota Linn, Mentha arvensis Linn and polygonum hydropiper Linn), were evaluated for their possible antiovulatory activity in rabbits with copper-induced ovulation.
(9) A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and slaked lime.
(10) Although the decrease in the incidence in the intervention cohort was not statistically significant due to small number of cases, the results underscored the causal role of areca nut chewing and indicated the potential for primary prevention of oral submucous fibrosis.
(11) A TLC-densitometric method for the determination of arecoline in Semen Arecae (Areca catechu) was established, and arecoline content in three Semen Arecae (Imported, Hainan, Guanzhou) was determined.
(12) It is shown that there exists a correlationship between betel quid or areca nut chewing habit and oral cancer.
(13) The free calcium hydroxide content and pH of 25 lime samples were highly correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species from areca nut extract in vitro, and DNA damage in vitro, measured as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.
(14) The results also imply that, besides arecoline, there may be some other water-extractable substances in the areca nut that make the extract more genotoxic.
(15) The Areca-derived 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN) was tested for its tumor initiating activity on mouse skin and for its tumorigenic potential in the oral mucosa of rats.
(16) Mixtures of 75-150 g areca nuts and 50-100 g pumpkin seeds were judged effective and safe.
(17) In one, used mainly by aborigines, fresh areca nut was simply wrapped with betel leaf and in another, popular mainly among Chinese, a lengthwise piece of betel fruit and lime paste was sandwiched between two halves of an areca nut.
(18) Finally, the genotoxicity of the salivary areca-nut-specific carcinogen 3-(N-nitrosomethyl-amino)propionaldehyde, was demonstrated by the formation of DNA protein cross-links and DNA single-strand breaks in normal buccal epithelial cells.
(19) Because of its origin and partially transformed phenotype, DOK presents an opportunity to study whether specific carcinogens associated with tobacco and areca nut can cause malignant transformation of oral keratinocytes in vitro.
(20) Then, they report on the three main basic components: Piper betle L. leaf, Areca catechu nut, and slaked lime.
Tropical
Definition:
(n.) Of or pertaining to the tropics; characteristic of, or incident to, the tropics; being within the tropics; as, tropical climate; tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical diseases.
(n.) Rhetorically changed from its exact original sense; being of the nature of a trope; figurative; metaphorical.
Example Sentences:
(1) The standard varies from modest to lavish – choose carefully and you could be staying in an antique-filled room with your host's paintings on the walls, and breakfasting on the veranda of a tropical garden.
(2) Positive results were rather less common in black patients born in the tropics attending a genitourinary medicine in London and were similar to findings in blood donors in the West Indies.
(3) The experience of reflexotherapy of 86 patients showed its positive effect on the psychoemotional activities of patients with obesity, a rise of adaptation capabilities of the body under physical exercise, improved external respiration function, an increase in oxygen saturation of tissues, the stimulation of metabolism (by the basal metabolism findings) by way of increasing the secretion of hypophyseal tropic hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxin, and potentiation of the time course of loss of body mass.
(4) In addition, youthful onset of tropical diabetic syndrome (J-type diabetes) is extremely rare.
(5) Fv-1-specific host-range pseudotypes of murine sarcoma virus (MuSV) were developed by rescue from nonproducer cells with N- or B-tropic leukemia viruses.
(6) Assessment of nutritional status of vitamin B components by plasma or blood levels indicated riboflavin deficiency and possibly thiamine deficiency in Nigerian patients who suffered from tropical ataxic neuropathy and neurologically normal Nigerians who subsisted on predominant cassava diet.
(7) 1816) for the term "loa," designating a species of filaria, pathogenic in humans, which is common tropical West Africa.
(8) In order to reduce the devasting effects of enteric diseases among children born to mothers in tropical countries of Africa and Asia, it is imperative that all health workers understand the cultural and social perceptions of their clients towards the disease in question.
(9) The spread of chloroquine resistant strains of P. falciparum requires new approaches to treatment especially in tropical Africa.
(10) Schistosoma mansoni is often perceived by governments and international aid agencies to present a major public health problem in the tropical and sub-tropical world.
(11) The subject of this study was to test whether in vivo thymocytes in the preleukemic and leukemic periods also bear receptors specific for N-tropic, recombinant MCF and SL AKR retroviruses.
(12) Spices are widely used for flavouring food and are mostly grown in the tropics.
(13) The aetiology of tropical sprue, which is common in Puerto Rico and absent from Jamaica remains to be explained although a hypothesis has been put forward.
(14) A series of studies were carried out to assess the usefulness and accuracy of measuring blood sugar levels in a tropical medical practice using an enzyme test strip ("Dextrostix").
(15) The relative resistance to different cattle ticks of Gudali and Wakwa cattle with different levels of Brahman breeding, grazed on natural pastures in the subhumid tropics of Wakwa, Cameroon, was assessed using pasture tick infestations.
(16) Ninety-five patients (88.8%) had the amblyopia syndrome mainly; twelve patients (11.2%) had amblyopia and other manifestations of the tropical ataxic neuropathy.
(17) The emissions reductions that could be expected through meeting these family planning needs would be roughly equivalent to the reductions that would come from ending all tropical deforestation.
(18) The rapid insensible loss of water in tropical areas was reflected in the rise in serum urea while homeostatic mechanisms maintained a slower fall in sodium and chloride by renal conservation.
(19) In the latter, only the commensal rodents constitute a major problem, whereas in rural tropical areas, native semidomestic species also serve as disease reservoirs and sources of infection to man.
(20) Maximum power output for the fast muscle fibres from the Antarctic species at -1 degree C is around 60% of that of the tropical fish at 20 degrees C. Evolutionary temperature compensation of muscle power output appears largely to involve differences in the ability of cross bridges to generate force.