(n.) A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon, spices.
Example Sentences:
(1) In granulosa cells containing full aromatase activity, treatment with cortisol and dexamethasone did not inhibit aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens whereas two known aromatase inhibitors (dihydrotestosterone and 4-androstene-3, 6, 17-trione) were effective.
(2) The chemical shift changes observed on the binding of trimethoprim to dihydrofolate reductase are interpreted in terms of the ring-current shift contributions from the two aromatic rings of trimethoprim and from that of phenylalanine-30.
(3) Enzyme-inhibiting ability for individual alkylphenols can be estimated based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship developed by Dewhirst (1980) and is a function of the free hydroxyl group, electron-donating ring substituents, and hydrophobic aromatic ring substituents.
(4) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(5) Deviations from isotropic motion observed for the non-aromatic moieties are discussed.
(6) Aromatic adducts present in the digest that were resistant to nuclease P1 were thus 32P-labelled while unmodified nucleotides were not.
(7) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
(8) Interaction between aromatic diamidines (pentamidine, propamidine, and stilbamidine) and nucleic acids were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying renal toxicity included by pentamidine in patients.
(9) The D-Phe peptides, which are cleaved especially rapidly by thrombin in water, have structures (in deuterated DMSO) in which the aromatic ring of the D-Phe residue is folded back over the Val or Pip residue.
(10) Results of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic amino acid.
(11) The enzyme has a significant preference for substrates with a P1 Phe over those with the other aromatic amino acids Tyr and Trp.
(12) Their absorption spectra are at sufficiently long wavelength to be unobscured by cellular chromophores such as nucleotides and aromatic amin acids.
(13) As experimental findings indicated inhibitory action of aromatic retinoid on microtubule polymerisation and collagen metabolism of mesenchymal cells, we decided to treat 5 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis as well as 3 patients with Sharp's syndrome with aromatic retinoid (Tigason).
(14) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
(15) The complexes are produced by attachment of a carbon of the butenolide ring to an aromatic carbon of the nitro compound with formation of a charge-delocalized cyclohexadienate anion.
(16) Aromatization of [3H]androstenedione and [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione to [3H]estrone has been demonstrated to occur in one to two week old primary monolayer cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus.
(17) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
(18) The greater frequency of dysovulation in obese women, notably those who put on weight rapidly, is accompanied by numerous hormonal changes, including reduced sex hormone-binding globulin, increased ovarian and adrenal androgen production, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, and altered gonadotropin pulsatile secretion.
(19) R-(+)-Nicotine is a substrate Km = 1.42 X 10(-5)M for an SAM-dependent guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase, whereas S-(-)-nicotine acts as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 6.25 X 10(-5)M) of the N-methylation of its antipode.
(20) In the group of patients with the hyperkinetic form the most significant changes were seen for valine, methionine, serine, alanine and cystine, while as the spectrum of aminoacids of the aromatic line is practically unchanged.
Phenol
Definition:
(n.) A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.
(n.) Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type.
Example Sentences:
(1) The teeth were embedded in phenolic rings with acrylic resin.
(2) The presence of the expected C19 neutral and C18 phenolic steroids was confirmed.
(3) The effect of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids from Mycobacterium leprae, M. bovis BCG, and M. kansasii on in vitro proliferative responses by human blood mononuclear cells from healthy BCG vaccinees was investigated.
(4) The chemistry involved reaction rate constant measurements of MSF hydrolysis and for reactions with phenolic, amine, oxime, hydroxamic acid, phenyl N-hydroxycarbamate, and hydroxylamine compounds and cupric imidazole and bipyridyl complexes.
(5) In the liver, the major site of benzene metabolism, benzene is converted by a cytochrome P-450-mediated pathway to phenol, the major metabolite, and the secondary metabolites, hydroquinone and catechol.
(6) Except in the case of the phenolic metabolite, structures were confirmed by direct comparison of electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic behaviour with those of authentic samples.
(7) It may be concluded that phenolization of the sympathetic nervous system provides the same results as surgical sympathectomy but has the advantage of lower morbidity and shorter hospitalization (24 h vs 10 days).
(8) It was hypothesized that the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues was based on the relative abilities of these compounds to undergo H atom loss at the phenolic oxygen, and on the relative stabilities of the resulting free-radical species.
(9) Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
(10) Liberation of the polysaccharides from the carrier by treatment with aqueous phenol resulted in loss of the serological activity.
(11) Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
(12) The 2-substituted phenoxy-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines (4-6) were afforded by reduction of the corresponding 8-nitroquinolines (1-3) which were obtained by condensation of 2-chloro-6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline and substituted phenols.
(13) This report reviews the treatment of pilonidal sinus by phenol injection in 54 patients.
(14) One group of rats was made immunocompetent towards P. aeruginosa by intraperitoneal injection of phenol-killed P. aeruginosa while a second group remained naive to this organism.
(15) These data indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl groups of xanthomegnin might contribute to its uncoupling action on the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria.
(16) The coupled dienone-phenol re-arrangement and keto-enol tautomerism of this quinone methide produce the observed 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde.
(17) The phenol metabolites benzoquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol both activated the glutathione transferase in microsomes 2-fold independently of added NADPH.
(18) The isolation of plant enzymes is frequently hampered by the presence of phenolic compounds, pigments and mucilages.
(19) An enzyme (EC 2.8.2.1) that catalyses the transfer of sulphate from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate to phenols was purified approx.
(20) Physico-chemical parameters of membranes of skeletal muscles' sarcoplasmic reticulum in antioxidant insufficiency, which was modelled by excluding alpha-tocopherol from the animals ration, and after treatment with phenol antioxidant ionol were studied.