What's the difference between association and causation?

Association


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of associating, or state of being associated; union; connection, whether of persons of things.
  • (n.) Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or associated with a thing.
  • (n.) Union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose; as, the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent association. Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) All mutant proteins could associate with troponin I and troponin T to form a troponin complex.
  • (2) Patients with papillary carcinoma with a good cell-mediated immune response occurred with much lower infiltration of the tumor boundary with lymphocyte whereas the follicular carcinoma less cell-mediated immunity was associated with dense lymphocytic infiltration, suggesting the biological relevance of lymphocytic infiltration may be different for the two histologic variants.
  • (3) Disease stabilisation was associated with prolonged periods of comparatively high plasma levels of drug, which appeared to be determined primarily by reduced drug clearance.
  • (4) Perinatal mortality is strongly associated with obstetrical factors, respiratory distress syndrome, and prematurity.
  • (5) We also show that proliferation of primary amnion cells is not dependent on a high c-fos expression, suggesting that the function of c-fos is more likely to be associated with other cellular functions in the differentiated amnion cell.
  • (6) Increased plasmin activity was associated with advancing stage of lactation and older cows after appropriate adjustments were made for the effects of milk yield and SCC.
  • (7) We propose that this dependence on coexpression reflects the association between the LTA::STa hybrids and LTB subunits.
  • (8) Weddellite calcification was associated with benign lesions in 16 cases, but incidental atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ were present, each in one case.
  • (9) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
  • (10) Together these results suggest that IVC may operate as a selective activator of calpain both in the cytosol and at the membrane level; in the latter case in synergism with the activation induced by association of the proteinase to the cell membrane.
  • (11) The combined analysis of pathogenesis and genetics associated with the salmonella virulence plasmids may identify new systems of bacterial virulence and the genetic basis for this virulence.
  • (12) Histological studies showed that the resulting pancreatitis was usually mild to moderate, being severe only in association with sepsis.
  • (13) Meanwhile the efficiency of muscarinic antagonists in inhibition of tremor reaction induced by arecoline administration is associated with interaction between the drugs and the M2-subtype.
  • (14) Biden will meet with representatives from six gun groups on Thursday, including the NRA and the Independent Firearms Owners Association, which are both publicly opposed to stricter gun-control laws.
  • (15) This clinical improvement was also associated with a decrease of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p less than 0.001), decrease of C-reactive protein (p less than 0.0001) and with improvement of anaemia (p less than 0.05).
  • (16) Some of those drugs are able to stimulate the macrophages, even in an aspecific way, via the gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), that is in connection with the bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT).
  • (17) Most of the radioactivity in spleen cells from these rats were associated with antigen-reactive cells which formed rosettes specifically with HO erythrocytes.
  • (18) The findings suggest that these two syndromes are associated with dysfunction at two different sites within the frontal lobes.
  • (19) The strongest predictor of non-sudden cardiac death was the New York Heart Association functional class.
  • (20) Male sex, age under 19 or over 45, few social supports, and a history of previous suicide attempts are all factors associated with increased suicide rates.

Causation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is produced.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Because of the dearth of epidemiological clues as to causation, studies with experimental animal models assume greater importance.
  • (2) The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity.
  • (3) We have recently described a nonnucleoside compound that specifically inhibits the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS.
  • (4) As regards other factors, however, whose causative role has hitherto been considered proven or at least very probable, no differences were found between patients and controls (e.g.
  • (5) There was a larger difference in incidence between countries than between sexes, which suggests important genetic or environmental factors in the causation of hip fracture.
  • (6) Various misconceptions about dietary carcinogens, pesticide residues, and cancer causation are discussed.
  • (7) ketoconazole when the causative organism is madurella mycetomis.
  • (8) More Gram-positive infections are now being reported and the sensitivity of the causative organisms varies.
  • (9) The most common causative organisms are Campylobacter jejuni and Giardia lamblia.
  • (10) This virus is related to HIV-1, the causative agent of the AIDS epidemic now spreading in Central and East Africa, as well as the USA and Europe (see ref.
  • (11) The results provide further in vivo evidence that ROI are causative agents in H liberation during reperfusion of the ischemic gut.
  • (12) Dairy pipeline cleaners were the single most common causative substance, injuring ten toddlers (mean age 1.6 years), perforating the esophagus in two.
  • (13) We used a published algorithm to assess the suspected reactions for drug causation with the following results: 40 (14%) unlikely; 193 (66%) possible; 56 (19%) probable; and 3 (1%) definite.
  • (14) In the remaining 104 cases where the causative bacteria were not identified, the efficacy rate was 92%, CTRX being "excellent" in 42 cases and "effective" in 54.
  • (15) Evidence was given suggesting that the increased proportion of paranoid immigrants was probably due to social selection, while the increased proportion of somatoform immigrants could be explained by the social causation theory.
  • (16) It should be considered as a causative agent in culture-negative cases of endocarditis and also when a gram-negative rod is isolated which is sensitive to all antibiotics.
  • (17) The present investigation utilized this long-term cohort study to assess the role of drinking and cigarette smoking habits in the causation of liver cancer.
  • (18) Bacteriologically, successful eradication of causative organisms was confirmed in all the 4 children who underwent the test.
  • (19) While there are many potential causative factors, erroneous concepts of IOL positioning and design appear to have led to PBK with many iris-supported and anterior chamber lens styles.
  • (20) This study points to the causative mechanism of cyclosporin immunosuppression and emphasized the dynamic role of ions as modulators of normal cell proliferation.