What's the difference between bending and fold?

Bending


Definition:

  • (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Bend
  • (n.) The marking of the clothes with stripes or horizontal bands.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Fifty-two pairs of canine femora were tested to failure in four-point bending.
  • (2) Think of Nelson Mandela – there is a determination, an unwillingness to bend in the face of challenges, that earns you respect and makes people look to you for guidance.
  • (3) This behavior consists of a very rapid bend of the body and tail that is thought to arise from the monosynaptic excitation of large primary motoneurons by the Mauthner cell.
  • (4) Intrinsic bending of the 527-bp fragment (bend center approximately at bp 240) was represented as a composite of at least two components located near bp 170 and near bp 260.
  • (5) We found that the Gallie system generally allowed significantly more rotation in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending than the other three fixation techniques.
  • (6) After a hiatus, Smith is back with a flourish for her genre-bending new novel How to be Both , and David Mitchell has been longlisted for a third time, for The Bone Clocks .
  • (7) The developed apparatus included ultrasonic generators operating at a frequency of 0.5-3 MHz, piezoceramic radiators of various design providing the heating of an object with convergent, divergent and plane ultrasonic waves, thermoprobes in the form of single or multiple thermocouples with the bends from 5 points at a 5 mm distance from one another, temperature meters and various auxiliaries.
  • (8) Optical diffraction measurements on electron micrographs of the bend demonstrate that the axostyle tubules slide over one another and that the tubules on the inside of a bend usually contract, sometimes by as much as 25%.
  • (9) Temperature decline through the region of 10 degrees C caused a number of spermatozoa in buffer to undergo a sudden asymmetric bending of the flagellum in the region of the midpiece.
  • (10) This large increase in power output can be accommodated without an increase in metabolic rate only if internal viscous resistances to flagellar bending are relatively low.
  • (11) I was asked, as still the home secretary, would you bend on ID cards, and we'd put all our bits in, and we thought we could get a deal here.
  • (12) We measured the stiffness of comparable configurations (1 or 2 bars) under axial compression, four-point-bending in two planes, and torsion.
  • (13) The criteria of failure of pedicular instrumentation or "death" of an implant were defined as 1) screw bending, 2) screw breakage, 3) infection, 4) loosening of implants, 5) any rod or plate hardware problems, or 6) removal of hardware due to a neurologic complication.
  • (14) Static and fatigue testing of representative samples by the simultaneous application of compressive and bending loads to the maximum values specified by international standards exposed no failures by the time a million cycles had been reached.
  • (15) My Paul Nuttalls routine has floated back up the U-bend | Stewart Lee Read more Nuttall told Marr that “nothing should be a sacred cow in British politics.
  • (16) Using fluorescence energy transfer, the extent of DNA bending was estimated by measuring the end-to-end distance of the DNA fragment which was labeled with a donor-acceptor pair on two opposite ends.
  • (17) Future ice loss and bending of the crust due to rising sea levels have the potential ultimately to raise levels of both earthquake and volcanic activity.
  • (18) In addition, the ability to bend DNA is retained by a small proteolytic fragment of the protein, suggesting that the DNA-binding domain of the protein is resistant to proteases and is sufficient to bend DNA.
  • (19) As in our previous studies, the modulus of elasticity in bending was significantly less than the value obtained in tension for only the smaller cross-sectional wires.
  • (20) Assuming no future environmental or lifestyle changes, the upward trend in age-adjusted mortality rates, which averaged 2 to 3% per annum since 1950, is projected to discontinue and bend downward by the second decade of the 21st century.

Fold


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter.
  • (v. t.) To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds his arms in despair.
  • (v. t.) To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.
  • (v. t.) To cover or wrap up; to conceal.
  • (v. i.) To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold.
  • (v.) A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication.
  • (v.) Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four.
  • (v.) That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace.
  • (n.) An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.
  • (n.) A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's fold.
  • (n.) A boundary; a limit.
  • (v. t.) To confine in a fold, as sheep.
  • (v. i.) To confine sheep in a fold.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Patient plasma samples demonstrated evidence of marked complement activation, with 3-fold elevations of C3a desArg concentrations by the 8th day of therapy.
  • (2) 5-Azacytidine (I) stability was increased approximately 10-fold over its stability in water or lactated Ringer injection by the addition of excess sodium bisulfite and the maintenance of pH approximately 2.5.
  • (3) Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (Kd = 2-6 X 10(-10) M) binding sites for ET-1 in both cells, although the maximal binding capacity of cardiac receptor was about 6- to 12-fold greater than that of vascular receptor.
  • (4) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
  • (5) The DNA untwisting enzyme has been purified approximately 300-fold from rat liver nuclei.
  • (6) IP3 increased 1.7-fold and IP2 1.6-fold after 20 and 40 s, respectively.
  • (7) Short incubations with heparin (5 min) caused a release of the enzyme into the media, while longer incubations caused a 2-8-fold increase in net lipoprotein lipase secretion which was maximal after 2-16 h depending on cell type, and persisted for 24 h. The effect of heparin was dose-dependent and specific (it was not duplicated by other glycosaminoglycans).
  • (8) The following conclusions emerge: (i) when the 3' or the 3' penultimate base of the oligonucleotide mismatched an allele, no amplification product could be detected; (ii) when the mismatches were 3 and 4 bases from the 3' end of the primer, differential amplification was still observed, but only at certain concentrations of magnesium chloride; (iii) the mismatched allele can be detected in the presence of a 40-fold excess of the matched allele; (iv) primers as short as 13 nucleotides were effective; and (v) the specificity of the amplification could be overwhelmed by greatly increasing the concentration of target DNA.
  • (9) Epicanthal folds were present in 46%, mongoloid slanting of the lids in 72% of cases.
  • (10) The estimated DNA compaction ratio (approximately 3-fold) is consistent with a significant degree of nucleosome unfolding in the hyperstimulated BR genes.
  • (11) Two hours after refeeding rats fasted for 48 h, ODC activity increased 40-fold in mucosa from the intact jejunum and 4-fold in the mucosa of the bypassed segments.
  • (12) Transfection of the treated DNA into SOS-induced spheroplasts results in an increase in mutagenesis as great as 50-fold.
  • (13) ACh released from the vesicular fraction was about 100-fold more than could be accounted for by miniature end-plate potentials; possible causes of this overestimate are discussed.
  • (14) In strains completely deleted for galR, the gene which encodes the Gal repressor, the operon is derepressed by only 10-fold without an inducer.
  • (15) The amount of water, creatinine, electrolytes, proteins, and enzymes were higher during the day (up to three fold, p always less than 0.05), while equal amounts of amino acids were excreted in the day and the night period.
  • (16) TNBS reacts to an extremely small extend with hemoglobin over the concentration range 0.4 to 4 mM whereas FDNB reacts with hemoglobin to a very large extent (50 fold more than TNBS).
  • (17) Rates of PC in vitro metabolism by liver and kidney cytosolic cysteine conjugate beta-lyases (beta-lyases) were similar, but metabolism by renal mitochondrial beta-lyase occurred at a 3-fold higher rate than the rate obtained with hepatic mitochondrial beta-lyase.
  • (18) Dietary factors affect intestinal P450s markedly--iron restriction rapidly decreased intestinal P450 to beneath detectable values; selenium deficiency acted similarly but was less effective; Brussels sprouts increased intestinal AHH activity 9.8-fold, ECOD activity 3.2-fold, and P450 1.9-fold; fried meat and dietary fat significantly increased intestinal EROD activity; a vitamin A-deficient diet increased, and a vitamin A-rich diet decreased intestinal P450 activities; and excess cholesterol in the diet increased intestinal P450 activity.
  • (19) On the other hand, if we correct for the population of HMM with degraded light chain 2, the difference in the binding constants in the presence and absence of Ca2+ may be as great as 5-fold.
  • (20) The gene, which is located at chromosome XIII, is transcribed as a mRNA of about 2.7 kilobases, and the amount of message has been found to increase 3- to 4-fold during the culture.