(n.) The quality or state of being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a literal or figurative sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity; keenness of reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of mind.
(n.) A state of extreme impiety or enmity to God.
(n.) Dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw persons to apostasy.
Example Sentences:
(1) Since the election on 7 March there has been a bitter contest for power in Iraq led by Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey.
(2) If bitter, pour it out and measure 1.4 litres of water.
(3) The dumplings could also be served pan-fried in browned butter and tossed with a bitter leaf salad and fresh sheep's cheese for a lighter, but equally delicious option.
(4) The first was a passive avoidance task in which the chicks were allowed to peck at a green training stimulus (a small light-emitting diode, LED) coated in the bitter liquid, methylanthranilate, giving rise to a strong disgust response and consequent avoidance of the green stimulus.
(5) In the QHCl-sucrose condition components separated by the tongue's midline and those spatially mixed produced equal amounts of bitterness suppression.
(6) At the interview those with conventional ileostomies expressed better preoperative comprehension of the procedure and more satisfaction about its life-saving nature; nevertheless, they experienced more negative emotional reactions, such as bitterness, after the operation.
(7) The higher analogues of the cycloalkane series containing alpha-aminocycloheptanecarboxylic acid methyl ester and alpha-aminocyclooctanecarboxylic acid methyl ester are bitter.
(8) It's almost starting to feel like we're back in the good old days of July 2005, when Paris lost out to London in the battle to stage the 2012 Olympic Games, a defeat immediately interpreted by France as a bitter blow to Gallic ideals of fair play and non-commercialism and yet another undeserved triumph for the underhand, free-market manoeuvrings of perfidious Albion.
(9) Hollande ended up defending until to the bitter end Jérôme Cahuzac , a finance minister responsible for fighting tax evasion who turned out to have used a secret Swiss bank account to avoid paying taxes in France.
(10) The sensitivity of the taste system to the various qualities was, in decreasing order, salty, sweet, sour, and bitter.
(11) Grace's ascent has also thrown a grenade into the bitter succession battle within Zanu-PF, which Mugabe has divided and ruled for decades.
(12) Denatonium, a very bitter substance, caused a rise in the intracellular calcium concentration due to release from internal stores in a small subpopulation of taste cells.
(13) I see myself in exactly the same situation as I saw myself yesterday, though obviously with the bitter disappointment of the failure of being knocked out.
(14) Stephen Joseph, its chief executive said: "This is bitter news for everyone who relies on the train to get to work, not least the large number of commuters in marginal constituencies who will be a key group at the next election."
(15) Lewis Wind Power, the joint venture company set up by Amec and British Energy, said it was "bitterly disappointed" by the decision.
(16) As night fell in Paris, despite the bitter cold, more than 5,000 people gathered under the imposing statue of Marianne, the symbol of the republic, to show their anger, grief and solidarity.
(17) The present alternative model of health care in China has evolved after prolonged and often bitter debate extending over twenty years.
(18) It is much less soluble and bitter and poses few stability problems when capsulated or tableted with aspirin.
(19) "They have given Mexicans the most bitter Christmas," Armando Martínez, the president of the College of Catholic Attorneys, told reporters.
(20) He says he is not bitter but his words are laced with hostility.
Umami
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Umami taste appears to signal, at the gustatory level, the intake of proteins, therefore the working hypothesis was: does umami taste of a monosodium glutamate (MSG) solution elicit changes in both glucagon and insulin release, similar to those elicited by amino acids, and consequently, changes in plasma glucose and in overall cellular metabolism?
(2) These results suggest that the gustatory contribution to the flavor denoted by the Japanese word "umami" may be mediated, in part, by neurons that also respond to chemical described by humans as sweet.
(3) Data suggest that umami taste perception plays an important role in protein metabolism, and in maintenance of AA and ammonia homeostasis within normal limits.
(4) He decided to call the fifth taste 'umami' - a common Japanese word that is usually translated as 'savoury' - or, with more magic, as 'deliciousness'.
(5) The data demonstrate that, though the taste of the common umami substances such as MSG and IMP is mainly caused by their anions, the effects of their cations, such as Na, should not be ignored.
(6) moray eel burger – crispy, umami and rich, it’s the bacon of the sea.
(7) The umami compounds elicited moderate responses which were largest in the sweet fibers.
(8) When you next grate parmesan cheese onto some dull spaghetti, what you will have done in essence is add a shed-load of glutamate to stimulate your tongue's umami receptors, thus sending a message to the brain which signals (as one neuro-researcher puts it) 'Joy and happiness!'
(9) Anchovy and broccoli pasta This quick and easy recipe is gloriously flavourful – don't be put off if you're not a fan of anchovies; they dissolve, leaving a gorgeous umami taste.
(10) Umami tasting substances, MSG (monosodium glutamate), HG (glutamic acid), LGDE (1-glutamic acid diethyl ester), DLHCA (dl-homocysteic acid), DLAAA (dl-aminoadipic acid) and 5'GMP, were tested on the hamster and the human.
(11) Taken together these data indicate that the umami taste of MSG exerts an enhancing and specific action on metabolism that obeys the rules of anticipatory reflexes in the sense that both the metabolic rate and substrate utilization adapt from the very first announcement of ingestion of an extra load of protein.
(12) 'This study,' concluded Professor Ikeda in triumph, 'has discovered two facts: one is that the broth of seaweed contains glutamate and the other that glutamate causes the taste sensation "umami".'
(13) The effects of cations approach the taste thresholds of umami substances.
(14) Studies in the taste system of mammals indicate that monosodium glutamate (MSG) produces a unique taste sensation termed umami.
(15) Having previously shown that orogastric stimulation with carbohydrates or sweeteners triggers an increase in metabolic rate and in respiratory quotient, we investigated the possibility that the umami taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG) could act similarly on metabolic responses to protein ingestion.
(16) Finally, comparison of umami sensitivity of Japanese and Americans revealed no difference.
(17) The synergism can be explained by an allosteric model where the umami receptor is assumed to have two binding sites, one for GMP and another for MSG.
(18) The present results favor the conclusion that GMP acts as an agonist and MSG acts as a modulator for the umami receptor in the dog.
(19) In order to investigate coding mechanisms of special taste modality (umami), responses of neurons within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) to oral stimulation with monosodium glutamate, disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP) or their mixture were recorded in the conventional electrophysiological method.
(20) It has been argued whether the 'umami substances' such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) and disodium 5'-guanylate (GMP) stimulate the salt receptor or the unique receptor to the umami substances.