What's the difference between breaking and comminution?

Breaking


Definition:

  • (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Break

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Lucy and Ed will combine coverage of hard and breaking news with a commitment to investigative journalism, which their track record so clearly demonstrates”.
  • (2) They spend about 4.3 minutes of each working hour on a smoking break, the study shows.
  • (3) The mechanism by which pertussis toxin (PT) breaks the unresponsiveness of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was examined in B10 mice.
  • (4) After absorption of labeled glucose, two pools of trehalose are found in dormant spores, one of which is extractable without breaking the spores, and the other, only after the spores are disintegrated.
  • (5) The following possible explanations were discussed: a) the tested psychotropic drugs block prostaglandin receptors in the stomach; b) the test substances react with prostaglandin in the nutritive solution; c) the substances stimulate metabolic processes in the stomach wall that break down prostaglandin.
  • (6) The ability of ligand to stimulate its own synthesis and that of its receptor suggests the presence of an autocrine positive feedback loop, however we were unable to break this loop in the breast cancer cells by antibodies that blocked the interaction of TGF alpha with the EGF receptor.
  • (7) Neutral sucrose density sedimentation patterns indicate that neutron-induced double strand-breaks sometimes occur in clusters of more than 100 in the same phage and that the effeciency with which double strand-breaks form is about 50 times that of gamma-induced double strand-breaks.
  • (8) Possible explanations of the clinical gains include 1) psychological encouragement, 2) improvements of mechanical efficiency, 3) restoration of cardiovascular fitness, thus breaking a vicous circle of dyspnoea, inactivity and worsening dyspnoea, 4) strengthening of the body musculature, thus reducing the proportion of anaerobic work, 5) biochemical adaptations reducing glycolysis in the active tissues, and 6) indirect responses to such factors as group support, with advice on smoking habits, breathing patterns and bronchial hygiene.
  • (9) At high luminances, the temporal, but not spatial, properties of this mechanism break down in a manner which had not been studied.Low-frequency inhibitory processThis process is manifest as a decrease in sensitivity from that of the simple excitatory process.
  • (10) These experiments represent the first occasion that the sequence specificity of a DNA damaging agent, which causes only double-strand breaks, has been determined to the exact base-pair in intact cells.
  • (11) The OPL first appears as a thin, discontinuous break in the cytoblast layer that is frequently interrupted by the profiles of migrating neuro- and glioblasts.
  • (12) Celebrity woodlanders Tax breaks and tree-hugging already draw the wealthy and well-known to buy British forests.
  • (13) But we need politicians to break out of historical routines.
  • (14) For Burroughs, who had been publishing ground-breaking books for 20 years without much appreciable financial return, it was association with fame and the music industry, as well as the possible benefits: a wider readership, film hook-ups and more money.
  • (15) Once you've invested many years in a career, figuring out how to take time out and then return to a role that's comparable to the one you left (or as comparable as you want it to be) requires more than confidence and enthusiasm - employers need to actively acknowledge the benefits of such breaks and be more receptive to those seeking to return”.
  • (16) A dose-dependent increase in chromatid lesions, i.e., achromatic lesions, chromatid breaks, chromatid deletions and triradial or quandriradial chromosomal exchange fiqures, was found.
  • (17) From the stress-strain curve the following values were selected: strain, stress, and slope at 80 mmHg equivalent pressure (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa); maximum stress, strain, and slope; and breaking stress, strain, and slope if the sample broke.
  • (18) Everyone worked hard, but it is fair to pick out Willian because of his work-rate, quality on the ball, participation in the first goal and quality of the second.” It had been Willian’s fizzed cross, 11 minutes before the break, which Dragovic had nodded inadvertently inside Shovkovskiy’s near post to earn the hosts their initial lead.
  • (19) The possibility that mammalian DNA topoisomerase II is an intracellular target which mediates drug-induced DNA breaks is supported by the following studies using 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methane-sulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA): (a) a single m-AMSA-dependent DNA cleavage activity copurified with calf thymus DNA topoisomerase II activity at all chromatographic steps of the enzyme purification; (b) m-AMSA-induced DNA cleavage by this purified activity resulted in the covalent attachment of protein to the 5'-ends of the DNA via a tyrosyl phosphate bond.
  • (20) The authorities had said they used water cannon, teargas and smoke grenades to break up the protest.

Comminution


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles; pulverization; the state of being comminuted.
  • (n.) Fracture (of a bone) into a number of pieces.
  • (n.) Gradual diminution by the removal of small particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The treatment of a Smith type-II fracture is a volar buttress plate unless extended comminution is present.
  • (2) Pure blow-out fracture or comminuted facial fracture, double vision and amnesia emerged as additional factors which yielded an efficient scoring system with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 90% for the population upon which it was based.
  • (3) The characteristic injuries were compression wedge-shaped fractures, multiple fractures of the vertebrae, comminuted and traumatic spondylolistheses and dislocation fractures.
  • (4) The following signs in the preoperative radiographs were predictive of unfavorable outcome: small head fragment, comminution of the calcar femorale, and varus angulation of the head.
  • (5) One hospital had a significantly higher proportion of patients wounded by bullets that disrupted after impact; these wounds were associated with comminuted fractures.
  • (6) Traumatic lesions of the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) with comminuted depressed fractures and with tears of dura require operative management.
  • (7) Shortening in severe comminution was the main complication and was not controlled by supplementary cast-bracing.
  • (8) Stable fractures treated in skin traction did well and extensively comminuted fractures appeared to be best treated with 90-90 skeletal traction.
  • (9) Comminuted body fractures are best treated with an anterior strut graft.
  • (10) Serious septal injuries may include comminuted caudal border fractures, septal crushes, and saddling with loss of septal height.
  • (11) In comminuted fractures, the axial deviation persists but can be compensated for by the adjacent segments of the spine.
  • (12) Special attention should be focused on injuries with comminution and bone loss in the medial wall and floor of the orbit, with loss of cartilaginous nasal support, and with orbital displacement and dystopia.
  • (13) A comminuted burst ("teardrop") fracture produced by axial loading of the vertebral bodies should be stabilized by an anterior cortical strut graft for early mobilization and realignment of the spinal column to prevent progressive deformity.
  • (14) A new technique is presented for the treatment of comminuted intraarticular fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal.
  • (15) Forty-seven patients had unstable comminuted fractures, and 20 of these had medial displacement osteotomies performed.
  • (16) Errors in surgical judgment were attributed to inadequate preoperative analysis of the pattern of the fracture; undetected intraoperative comminution during reaming or insertion of the nail, or both; or postoperative failure to recognize an increase in comminution and instability of the fracture.
  • (17) Special attention must be paid to the Sarmiento type-II fracture with severe comminution of the dorsal cortex, severe radial shortening (greater than 10 mm) and dorsal tilt (greater than 25 degrees).
  • (18) Its treatment concurrent with the treatment of a severely comminuted fracture of the mandible has been reported.
  • (19) Preservation of the radial head with anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation is preferred, but radial head replacement may be necessary in cases with extensive comminution.
  • (20) Forty comminuted or unstable fractures of the femoral shaft were treated by closed intramedullary reaming and locked nailing.

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