What's the difference between breaking and diffraction?

Breaking


Definition:

  • (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Break

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Lucy and Ed will combine coverage of hard and breaking news with a commitment to investigative journalism, which their track record so clearly demonstrates”.
  • (2) They spend about 4.3 minutes of each working hour on a smoking break, the study shows.
  • (3) The mechanism by which pertussis toxin (PT) breaks the unresponsiveness of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was examined in B10 mice.
  • (4) After absorption of labeled glucose, two pools of trehalose are found in dormant spores, one of which is extractable without breaking the spores, and the other, only after the spores are disintegrated.
  • (5) The following possible explanations were discussed: a) the tested psychotropic drugs block prostaglandin receptors in the stomach; b) the test substances react with prostaglandin in the nutritive solution; c) the substances stimulate metabolic processes in the stomach wall that break down prostaglandin.
  • (6) The ability of ligand to stimulate its own synthesis and that of its receptor suggests the presence of an autocrine positive feedback loop, however we were unable to break this loop in the breast cancer cells by antibodies that blocked the interaction of TGF alpha with the EGF receptor.
  • (7) Neutral sucrose density sedimentation patterns indicate that neutron-induced double strand-breaks sometimes occur in clusters of more than 100 in the same phage and that the effeciency with which double strand-breaks form is about 50 times that of gamma-induced double strand-breaks.
  • (8) Possible explanations of the clinical gains include 1) psychological encouragement, 2) improvements of mechanical efficiency, 3) restoration of cardiovascular fitness, thus breaking a vicous circle of dyspnoea, inactivity and worsening dyspnoea, 4) strengthening of the body musculature, thus reducing the proportion of anaerobic work, 5) biochemical adaptations reducing glycolysis in the active tissues, and 6) indirect responses to such factors as group support, with advice on smoking habits, breathing patterns and bronchial hygiene.
  • (9) At high luminances, the temporal, but not spatial, properties of this mechanism break down in a manner which had not been studied.Low-frequency inhibitory processThis process is manifest as a decrease in sensitivity from that of the simple excitatory process.
  • (10) These experiments represent the first occasion that the sequence specificity of a DNA damaging agent, which causes only double-strand breaks, has been determined to the exact base-pair in intact cells.
  • (11) The OPL first appears as a thin, discontinuous break in the cytoblast layer that is frequently interrupted by the profiles of migrating neuro- and glioblasts.
  • (12) Celebrity woodlanders Tax breaks and tree-hugging already draw the wealthy and well-known to buy British forests.
  • (13) But we need politicians to break out of historical routines.
  • (14) For Burroughs, who had been publishing ground-breaking books for 20 years without much appreciable financial return, it was association with fame and the music industry, as well as the possible benefits: a wider readership, film hook-ups and more money.
  • (15) Once you've invested many years in a career, figuring out how to take time out and then return to a role that's comparable to the one you left (or as comparable as you want it to be) requires more than confidence and enthusiasm - employers need to actively acknowledge the benefits of such breaks and be more receptive to those seeking to return”.
  • (16) A dose-dependent increase in chromatid lesions, i.e., achromatic lesions, chromatid breaks, chromatid deletions and triradial or quandriradial chromosomal exchange fiqures, was found.
  • (17) From the stress-strain curve the following values were selected: strain, stress, and slope at 80 mmHg equivalent pressure (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa); maximum stress, strain, and slope; and breaking stress, strain, and slope if the sample broke.
  • (18) Everyone worked hard, but it is fair to pick out Willian because of his work-rate, quality on the ball, participation in the first goal and quality of the second.” It had been Willian’s fizzed cross, 11 minutes before the break, which Dragovic had nodded inadvertently inside Shovkovskiy’s near post to earn the hosts their initial lead.
  • (19) The possibility that mammalian DNA topoisomerase II is an intracellular target which mediates drug-induced DNA breaks is supported by the following studies using 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methane-sulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA): (a) a single m-AMSA-dependent DNA cleavage activity copurified with calf thymus DNA topoisomerase II activity at all chromatographic steps of the enzyme purification; (b) m-AMSA-induced DNA cleavage by this purified activity resulted in the covalent attachment of protein to the 5'-ends of the DNA via a tyrosyl phosphate bond.
  • (20) The authorities had said they used water cannon, teargas and smoke grenades to break up the protest.

Diffraction


Definition:

  • (n.) The deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, causing the appearance of parallel bands or fringes of prismatic colors, as by the action of a grating of fine lines or bars.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Thin films (OD approximately 0.7) of glucose-embedded membranes, prepared as a control, showed virtually 100% conversion to the M state, and stacks of such thin film specimens gave very similar x-ray diffraction patterns in the bR568 and the M412 state in most experiments.
  • (2) The electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD) mode of operation of an energy-filtering electron microscope offers the possibility of being able to avoid the background from inelastic scattering in selected-area electron diffraction patterns.
  • (3) The calculation, based on analytical expression derived by Cowley, has been shown previously to give an almost quantitative description of kinematical diffraction from linear chain systems.
  • (4) X-ray diffraction spectrum of 1:8 coprecipitate (COPPT) showed no crystalline structure of AD.
  • (5) A laser diffraction technique has been developed for registering small changes in sarcomere length.
  • (6) The crystals diffract to at least 2.2 A Bragg spacing and are stable to x-rays.
  • (7) The crystals grown at 5 degrees C did not diffract X-rays, while those grown at 18 degrees C and 37 degrees C did.
  • (8) Optical diffraction measurements on electron micrographs of the bend demonstrate that the axostyle tubules slide over one another and that the tubules on the inside of a bend usually contract, sometimes by as much as 25%.
  • (9) In contrast, the number of substructural lines within the diffraction maxima is large even for microscopically homogeneous fibers.
  • (10) Each sarcomere position is stored in a three-dimensional (3-D) matrix array from which Fraunhofer light diffraction patterns have been calculated using numerical methods based on Fourier transforms.
  • (11) X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystals showed a diffraction pattern characteristic of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate).
  • (12) Crystallinity of the hydroxyapatites, measured by X-ray diffraction peak broadening as full width at the half-maximum value (FWHM), increased with the synthesis temperature, although HAP500 showed a decrease.
  • (13) A systemic formalism is developed that shows how the results for absolute specific volumes of multilamellar lipid dispersions may be combined with results from diffraction studies to obtain quantitative characterizations of the average structure of fully hydrated lipid bilayers.
  • (14) Diffraction rings below Tc indicate the existence of solid lipid domains.
  • (15) One lattice was trigonal, as in purple membrane, and showed a high-resolution electron diffraction pattern from glucose-sustained patches.
  • (16) The crystal structures of Forms A, B, and C were further analyzed using the X-ray diffraction method, and the results are discussed in comparison with the thermal behavior of the crystalline forms.
  • (17) The structure of native bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A, without the inhibitory sulfate anion normally bound at the active site, has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.53-A resolution.
  • (18) All but two patients noted monocular diplopia; in three patients this was so intolerable that the diffractive lens was explanted and exchanged for a monofocal lens, following which the visual acuity improved by an average of two Snellen lines and complaints of monocular diplopia disappeared.
  • (19) The crystalline-like structure of horizontally sectioned Langerhans cell granules has been studied by optical diffraction.
  • (20) We have also obtained diffraction patterns attributable to the protein envelopes of the corneocytes.