What's the difference between bromide and radical?
Bromide
Definition:
(n.) A compound of bromine with a positive radical.
Example Sentences:
(1) The effect of ipratropium bromide administered at two dosage levels, 40 and 80 mug, isoproterenol, 150 mug, and placebo using a metered dose inhaler was evaluated in ten adult patients with asthma in a double-blind, crossover study.
(2) A semiautomated colorimetric assay (MTT assay), based on the ability of live cells to reduce a tetrazolium-based compound, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), to a purplish colored formazan product that can be measured spectrophotometrically, has recently been adapted for use in drug sensitivity analysis of cultured human tumor cell lines.
(3) Samples of raw cereals imported in Italy and of other foodstuffs that can be treated with bromine-containing fumigants were analysed for the total bromide content.
(4) Uptake into arterial collagens and release of labeled hydroxyproline were then measured after 2.5 h. The relative amounts of types I and III collagens were assessed from the levels of cyanogen-bromide-derived peptides alpha 1(I)CB8 and alpha 1(III)CB5, respectively, after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
(5) The use of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cyanogen bromide derived peptides from fibrous cartilage collagens enabled to calculate type I to type II collagen ratio in this tissue.
(6) The patients received no premedication or basic anaesthesia and relaxation was obtained using pancuronium bromide.
(7) The inhibitory phase was blocked by atropine and the excitatory phase was eliminated by tubocurarine chloride, hexamethonium bromide or pindolol.
(8) We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of a new anticholinergic agent, oxitropium bromide, on bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled propranolol in seven subjects with mild asthma 24 to 39 yr of age.
(9) Ten copies of HIV-1 DNA could be detected by PCR-EIA (42 fluorescent units with a background of 18 fluorescent units) compared with a detection limit of 1000 copies by ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel.
(10) Because previous work has shown that radioisotope release from parasites may be nonspecific, separate experiments were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of LAK cells against antibody-coated trophozoites by using ethidium bromide-acridine orange staining to assess effector cell damage.
(11) Key intermediate of the synthesis was 2-formyl-estradiol (2) which was prepared in quantitative yield through reaction of the phenoxymagnesium bromide of estradiol with formaldehyde in the presence of HMPA.
(12) The relative standard deviations for bromide at 10(-7) M and for iodide at 10(-8) M concentration were 1.9% and 3.0%, respectively, using a 10-mL sample for the determination without preconcentration.
(13) This enhancement of the release of radioactivity was inhibited by phospholipase A2 inhibitors, quinacrine (1 mM) and p-bromophenacyl bromide (10 microM), suggesting that polyethylenimine and polyallylamine activates phospholipase A2 to generate arachidonate and its metabolites.
(14) Plasmid sequences were readily observed by ethidium bromide staining of cellular DNA after restriction endonuclease digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis.
(15) Cytochemical localization of ovoperoxidase activity with diaminobenzidine revealed almost a total lack of staining of FEs from bromide-substituted sea water.
(16) Cells were exposed to chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite for 15 min and cell viability was assessed 24 h later with a colorimetric assay which utilizes the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT).
(17) The sequence was obtained from analysis of peptides isolated from chymotryptic, cyanogen bromide, and limited acid cleavages of the protein.
(18) The latter compounds were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to the respective amines (II a-c) and then N-alkylated by reaction with 2-propynyl-, 2-butynyl- or 2,3-butadienyl bromides to the corresponding amines (III a-j).
(19) When the detergents with aliphatic hydrophobic residues were compared, a cationic detergent cethylmethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was more toxic than non-ionic or anionic detergents.
(20) Cyanogen bromide cleavage of the 145000 subunit produced a single peptide of Mr 75000.
Radical
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.
(a.) Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
(a.) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs.
(a.) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
(a.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below.
(n.) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.
(n.) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.
(n.) One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
(n.) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
(n.) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf. Residue.
(n.) A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
(a.) A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.
Example Sentences:
(1) In conclusion, the efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis is geared mainly at enabling the surgeon to perform a wide radical debridement of infected and nonviable soft tissue and bone.
(2) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(3) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(4) The role of O2 free radicals in the reduction of sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase, which occurs during reperfusion of ischemic heart, was examined in isolated guinea pig heart using exogenous scavengers of O2 radicals and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
(5) Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on both fresh and on paraffin embedded samples obtained by gastroscopic biopsies in 5 patients with histologically normal gastric mucosa (20 specimens) and by radical gastrectomies in 9 cases of human gastric cancer (36 specimens).
(7) Residual cancer was found in the radical prostatectomy specimen in 11 of the 29 stage-A1 patients (38%) and in 66 of the 86 stage-A2 patients (77%).
(8) This may be due to DMSO's ability to scavenge free radicals.
(9) A more radical surgery is recommended but with the limitation that the operative method must be adapted to the operative finding.
(10) The present study explored the possibility that SOD-mimics such as desferrioxamine-Mn(III) chelate [DF-Mn] or cyclic nitroxide stable free radicals could protect from O2-.-independent damage.
(11) Treatment modalities included: partial temporal bone resection, subtotal temporal bone resection, total temporal bone resection, radical mastoidectomy followed by radiation therapy, radiation therapy alone, and chemotherapy.
(12) Leaders of Tory local government are preparing radical proposals for minimum 10% cuts in public spending in the search for savings.
(13) Plays like The Workhouse Donkey (1963) and Armstrong's Last Goodnight (1964) were staged in major theatres, but as the decade progressed so his identification with the increasingly radical climate of the times began to lead away from the mainstream theatre.
(14) 78% of the recurrences were seen two years postoperatively and 27% were asymptomatic; 10% underwent radical operation, 27% palliative operation and 63% conservative treatment.
(15) The kinetics of bimolecular decay of alpha-tocopheroxyl free radicals (T) was studied by ESR mainly in ethanol and heptanol solvents.
(16) While the correlations between speed and accuracy reversed over time, the abnormal vision group began and ended at the most extreme levels, having undergone a significantly more radical shift in this regard.
(17) NPR reported that investigators have not found telltale signs associated with Islamist radicalization , such as a change in mosques or abrupt shifts in behavior or family associations.
(18) The second triplet, which was stable in the dark at 4.2 K following illumination, was assigned to the radical pair Donor+I-.
(19) It may be due to relative nonreactivity of ascorbic acid free radical that free radical chain reactions, found commonly in radical chemistry, do not occur in the scavenging reaction by ascorbic acid.
(20) The free radical scavengers mannitol, thiourea, benzoate, and 4-methylmercapto-2-oxobutyrate protected either native cells exposed to H2O2 or pretreated hepatocytes exposed to H2O2 and given ferric or ferrous iron.