What's the difference between certain and proven?

Certain


Definition:

  • (a.) Assured in mind; having no doubts; free from suspicions concerning.
  • (a.) Determined; resolved; -- used with an infinitive.
  • (a.) Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact.
  • (a.) Actually existing; sure to happen; inevitable.
  • (a.) Unfailing; infallible.
  • (a.) Fixed or stated; regular; determinate.
  • (a.) Not specifically named; indeterminate; indefinite; one or some; -- sometimes used independenty as a noun, and meaning certain persons.
  • (n.) Certainty.
  • (n.) A certain number or quantity.
  • (adv.) Certainly.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) One hour after direct mechanical cardiomassage (DMCM) a moderately pronounced edema of the intercellular spaces in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, normal content of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and a certain decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases were noted.
  • (2) Work on humoral responses has focused on lysozyme, the hemagglutinins (especially in the oyster), and the clearance of certain antigens.
  • (3) Stress is laid on certain principles of diagnostic research in the event of extra-suprarenal pheochromocytomas.
  • (4) As a group, the three mammalian proteins resemble bovine serum conglutinin and behave as lectins with rather broad sugar specificities directed at certain non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, glucose and fucose residues, but with subtle differences in fine specificities.
  • (5) A segment of vas deferens was transplanted to the contralateral deferens with the intention of improving treatment for certain cases of infertility caused by obstruction.
  • (6) hypoglossal nucleus), whereas in other areas the angiotensinogen gene was expressed only in a certain population of glial cells.
  • (7) The following conclusions emerge: (i) when the 3' or the 3' penultimate base of the oligonucleotide mismatched an allele, no amplification product could be detected; (ii) when the mismatches were 3 and 4 bases from the 3' end of the primer, differential amplification was still observed, but only at certain concentrations of magnesium chloride; (iii) the mismatched allele can be detected in the presence of a 40-fold excess of the matched allele; (iv) primers as short as 13 nucleotides were effective; and (v) the specificity of the amplification could be overwhelmed by greatly increasing the concentration of target DNA.
  • (8) Certainly, Saunders did not land a single blow that threatened to stop his opponent, although he took quite a few himself that threatened his titles in the final few rounds.
  • (9) We present a mathematical model that is suitable to reconcile this apparent contradiction in the interpretation of the epidemiological data: the observed parallel time series for the spread of AIDS in groups with different risk of infection can be realized by computer simulation, if one assumes that the outbreak of full-blown AIDS only occurs if HIV and a certain infectious coagent (cofactor) CO are present.
  • (10) HDAra-C in combination with anthracyclines is now considered to be a treatment which may afford some hope of a cure in a certain percentage of cases of adult acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.
  • (11) These results suggest that a certain minimum level of expression of c-myc is required for the maintenance of ras transformation in NIH 3T3 cells.
  • (12) This "paradox of redistribution" was certainly observable in Britain, where Welfare retained its status as one of the 20th century's most exalted creations, even while those claiming benefits were treated with ever greater contempt.
  • (13) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
  • (14) Accumulating evidence indicates that for most tumors, the switch to the angiogenic phenotype depends upon the outcome of a balance between angiogenic stimulators and angiogenic inhibitors, both of which may be produced by tumor cells and perhaps by certain host cells.
  • (15) The findings indicate that these spaces were lined by a lipid monolayer which formed bilayered lamellae under certain conditions.
  • (16) Positive feedback effects on serum gonadotrophins in castrates were observed following injection of certain doses of some steroids.
  • (17) Hence, presence of IgG rheumatoid factor correlated positively with the presence of rheumatoid disease, and evidence was established that certain features of rheumatoid inflammation occur in dental periapical lesions of many patients with rheumatoid disease.
  • (18) The typology developed in two previous surveys of illicit heroin products is applicable to many of the samples studied in this work, although significant changes have occurred in the chemical profile of illicit heroin products from certain geographical regions.
  • (19) The presence of an inverse correlation between certain tryptophan metabolites, shown previously to be bladder carcinogens, and the N-nitrosamine content, especially after loading, was interpreted in view of the possible conversion of some tryptophan metabolites into N-nitrosamines either under endovesical conditions or during the execution of the colorimetric determination of these compounds.
  • (20) An electrogenic sodium-potassium pump appears to contribute materially to the steady-state potential and to certain of the transient potential responses of vascular smooth muscle.

Proven


Definition:

  • (p. p. / a.) Proved.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Most survivors reported a range of problems that they attributed to having had cancer: 35%, proven or perceived infertility; 24%, sexual problems; 31%, health and life insurance problems; 26%, a negative socioeconomic effect; and 51%, conditioned nausea, associated with visual or olfactory reminders of chemotherapy.
  • (2) The radiologic findings on conventional examinations (plain films and cholangiograms) in a large group of patients with proven hepatobiliary tuberculosis are reviewed.
  • (3) Ultrasonography of 4 cases of intussusception in children with proven lead points were reviewed retrospectively.
  • (4) Urologic evaluation of all patients with congenital scoliosis is recommended; however, diagnostic ultrasonographic evaluations of the urinary tract have proven to be an acceptable alternative as an initial screening modality.
  • (5) As regards other factors, however, whose causative role has hitherto been considered proven or at least very probable, no differences were found between patients and controls (e.g.
  • (6) If it is proven he did, he must be brought to justice, said the politician.
  • (7) Patch and photopatch tests with fibric acid derivatives and ketoprofen were performed in the patients, in 12 normal volunteers, and in 7 patients with photopatch-proven photocontact dermatitis to ketoprofen.
  • (8) Proven necrotizing enterocolitis was seen in eight infants and was suspected in eight others.
  • (9) However, its possible value in such programmes has not been proven here.
  • (10) The lymphoid origin of these latter cases was proven by gene rearrangement studies.
  • (11) Regional hyperthermic perfusion after surgery of recurrent malignant melanoma should only be recommended in prospective and controlled trials, until its value has been proven in several randomized studies.
  • (12) Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 12 patients with angiographically proven middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion were analyzed, retrospectively.
  • (13) One hundred cases of histologically proven corneal and conjunctival tumours were extracted from the records at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and from the senior author's private practice in the last ten years.
  • (14) Combined brachioplasty, thoracoplasty, and mammoplasty has proven to be safe, effective, and appropriate toward achieving these goals.
  • (15) The efficient and reliable assessment of general community health requires the development of comprehensive and parsimonious measures of proven validity.
  • (16) Ultrasound has also proven useful in evaluating patients with ambiguous genitalia, amenorrhea and suspected PID and also is an effective means of localizing intrauterine contraceptive devices.
  • (17) Salmonella typhi O and H antibody titres were determined by the Standard Agglutination Test (SAT) in 85 patients with bacteriologically proven typhoid, 102 patients with non-typhoidal febrile illnesses (control group 1), and 170 healthy subjects (control group 2).
  • (18) For evolutionary biologists population variability per se has proven of interest.
  • (19) Our findings suggest that adoption of a sequential vaccination schedule (inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by OPV) would be effective in decreasing the risk of VAPP while retaining the proven public health benefits of OPV.
  • (20) It has proven useful in developing attitudinal objectives, measuring achievement of these objectives and modifying teaching approaches in both undergraduate and continuing medical education.