What's the difference between challenging and sophisticated?

Challenging


Definition:

  • (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Challenge

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response.
  • (2) When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
  • (3) This frees the student to experience the excitement and challenge of learning and the joy of helping people.
  • (4) The degree of increase in Meth responsiveness elicited by the initial provocation is a major factor in determining the airway response to a subsequent HS challenge.
  • (5) Intranasal challenge of allergic subjects with the allergen to which they are sensitive rapidly produces sneezing, rhinorrhea, and airway obstruction.
  • (6) Matthias Müller, VW’s chief executive, said: “In light of the wide range of challenges we are currently facing, we are satisfied overall with the start we have made to what will undoubtedly be a demanding fiscal year 2016.
  • (7) In 1935, Einstein challenged the prevailing interpretation of quantum theory.
  • (8) A shrinking populace is perhaps a greater challenge than any problems with Russia.
  • (9) Intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin to pretreated animals resulted in increased levels of IL-1 and TNF and decreased levels of PGE2 following challenge with E. coli.
  • (10) Think of Nelson Mandela – there is a determination, an unwillingness to bend in the face of challenges, that earns you respect and makes people look to you for guidance.
  • (11) The children's pulse, pulse rate variability, and blood pressure were then measured at rest and during a challenging situation.
  • (12) At first it looked as though the winger might have shown too much of the ball to the defence, yet he managed to gain a crucial last touch to nudge it past Phil Jones and into the path of Jerome, who slipped Chris Smalling’s attempt at a covering tackle and held off Michael Carrick’s challenge to place a shot past an exposed De Gea.
  • (13) The results support the notion that mediator lymphocytes circulate in tumor immunized rats in a noncytotoxic state, specifically recognize tumor cells at a challenge site, and mediate induction of effector cells locally.
  • (14) The role of blood acetylcholinesterase in moderating the effects of organophosphate challenge in rats was tested.
  • (15) In the first trial to investigate the effect of tick control, significant improvements in liveweight gain (LWG) occurred only in periods of medium to high challenge with adult Amblyomma variegatum.
  • (16) The SNT and the I-ELISA indicated that the pigs responded to vaccination and challenge.
  • (17) When caffeine evokes a contraction, and only then, crayfish muscle fibers become refractory to a second challenge with caffeine for up to 20 min in the standard saline (5 mM K(o)).
  • (18) This observation seriously challenges the hypothesis that SCE cancellation results as a consequence of persistence of the lesions induced by these agents.
  • (19) Injection of about four ImD 50 of vaccine intracerebrally produced a local immunity, resulting in an immediate kill of challenge organisms given 14 days later.
  • (20) There was no correlation between anti-TNP-precipitating antibody titer after sensitization and the ability to respond to challenge by hapten-heterologous carrier.

Sophisticated


Definition:

  • (imp. & p. p.) of Sophisticate
  • (a.) Adulterated; not pure; not genuine.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) "With the advent of sophisticated data-processing capabilities (including big data), the big number-crunchers can detect, model and counter all manner of online activities just by detecting the behavioural patterns they see in the data and adjusting their tactics accordingly.
  • (2) A developing sophistication on the part of both children and parents, coupled with a rapidly expanding recognition of the need to minimize the amount of physical and psychological trauma that a child has to experience, has led to a growing use of premedication agents for children.
  • (3) The initial defect can be directly measured by glucose clamp and other sophisticated techniques; the clinical syndrome may be derived from a network of related variables known to be associated with reduced insulin action.
  • (4) While simple assays of complex I activity are unlikely to be useful in the preclinical detection of Parkinson's disease, other more sophisticated physical-chemical approaches including detection of free radical damage may have utility.
  • (5) This is not some sophisticated, Westminstery battle, but a life-and-death, misery-or-decency choice about the very basics of life for hundreds of thousands of older British people.
  • (6) While the high sophistication subjects rated the interpretation as accurate across validity conditions, the low sophistication subjects rated the interpretation according to the validity instructions they received.
  • (7) Lateralization may be an expression of reflex constraints bound initially to the infant's tonic-neck posture, with later development less reflex-patterned during the acquisition of more sophisticated information-processing strategies.
  • (8) A simple multiband volume control is expected to provide much of the benefit of more sophisticated systems without the need for separate estimation of input speech and noise spectra.
  • (9) What’s imperative from an organizational standpoint, he added, is “understanding where voters are, what their concerns are, and building a sophisticated operation around that.
  • (10) The laws of functioning applicable to these approaches are those coming from liberal and planified economical theories while health planning has developed more and more sophisticated and convincing methodologies.
  • (11) Therefore, controlled hypotension, being a sophisticated technique, requires handling by an experienced anesthetist well aware of contraindications and the need for adequate monitoring for prevention of tissue ischemia.
  • (12) However, a homemade pipe bomb thrown at a police patrol in north Belfast earlier this year was described as of a new, sophisticated variety that the PSNI had not seen before.
  • (13) While numerous studies on infant perception have demonstrated the infant's ability to discriminate sounds having different frequencies, little research has evaluated more sophisticated pitch perception abilities such as perceptual constancy and perception of the missing fundamental.
  • (14) It is concluded that imaging of the urinary tract is not necessary for pure nightwetters, while ultrasonography or uroflowmetry and more sophisticated radiological or urological methods should be focused on those children with daytime wetting and clinical symptoms of voiding disturbances.
  • (15) When multiple database systems are present, a flexible front end can provide sophisticated querying capabilities that bridge the systems, while hiding the complexities of the multiple systems from the user.
  • (16) This validity coefficient turned out to be so high (r = 0.967) that it does not seem necessary to adopt a more sophisticated method, despite a few demonstrable shortcomings of the one in use.
  • (17) The comparison of drug responder and non-responder group has also been made more meaningful by the availability of more reliable methods of assessing clinical phenomena, more sophisticated diagnostic models and the introduction of other biological measures.
  • (18) The environment in the intensive therapy units (ITUs) has thus become increasingly sophisticated with the use of highly specialised equipment.
  • (19) Attempts to save parts of teeth go back 100 years or more, but it is the increased predictability of success of endodontic therapy and the increased sophistication of periodontal treatment that have given us the means to save molars with furcation problems that, otherwise, would be lost.
  • (20) The monitoring equipment gets more sophisticated and easier to use month by month.