(v. t.) Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical processes.
(v. t.) Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used as a drawing implement.
Example Sentences:
(1) Charcoal particles coated with the lipid extract were prepared and the suspension inoculated intravenously into mice.
(2) This phenomenon may be overcome by utilizing more dextran-coated charcoal in the extraction.
(3) After treatment of the old rats blood serum with activated charcoal the steroid-binding transcortin capacity and its affinity to hormone was increased and the negative cooperativity was not observed.
(4) Adriamycin (ADM) was absorbed onto fine particles of activated charcoal.
(5) Hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal (CAC) produces low removal rates due to the strong binding of bilirubin to albumin.
(6) The secretagogue activity was not extracted by charcoal, was sensitive to protease digestion and was present in a portion of nRTF with a molecular weight of greater than 10,000.
(7) Charcoal was added to the homogenization buffer in these experiments to prevent the artifactual activation of PKA by cAMP analogs trapped in the extracellular space.
(8) The quantitative and brain regional distribution of residual dexamethasone binding in cytosols pre-treated with dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) and 300 mM KCl was indistinguishable from that for tritiated aldosterone-Type I receptor complexes under the same conditions.
(9) An inexpensive, easy-to-use detector for measuring airborne 222Rn based on 222Rn diffusion and absorption in activated charcoal is presented.
(10) Polymethacrylate coated charcoal was inserted in the dialysis circuit before the dialyzer.
(11) The cytotoxicity of MS smoke was decreased with increasing smoke age (up to 8.7 s), smoke dilution, and the quantity of activated charcoal in filters.
(12) Early charcoal administration may be of value therefore in reducing the toxicity of mefenamic acid after deliberate or accidental overdosage.
(13) Also, cleanup by column chromatography on mixed adsorbents containing charcoal results in better recoveries than can be obtained on Florisil alone.
(14) OR counts in paraffin sections were compared with those of frozen sections and with cytosolic values determined by a dextran-coated charcoal method.
(15) We produce lung lacerations in 18 dogs ventilated with air containing charcoal powder.
(16) The other method uses a thermoluminescence dosemeter placed in the charcoal canister, giving an integrated value of the radon concentration.
(17) Because these contaminants have long column retention times in GLC, it may not be apparent that these contaminants are present and consequently are likely to have modified the sorbent characteristics of the activated charcoal.
(18) No changes in T3-charcoal uptake or serum T3 concentration occurred at any dose.
(19) Before and after treatment the following were recorded: subjective and objective nasal MCT time, using an original composition of vegetable charcoal powder and saccharin powder at 3%; nasal obstruction.
(20) Four methods for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions from 88 symptomatic patients were compared: wet-mount examination, Kupferberg liquid medium, Hirsch charcoal agar, and the Papanicolaou smear.
Oxygen
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96.
(n.) Chlorine used in bleaching.
Example Sentences:
(1) Steady-state values of cell, glucose, and cellulase concentration oxygen tension, and outlet gas oxygen partial pressure were recorded.
(2) It is concluded that amlodipine reduces myocardial ischemic injury by mechanism(s) that may involve a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as well as by positively influencing transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes during ischemia and reperfusion.
(3) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(4) Manometric studies with resting cells obtained by growth on each of these sulfur sources yielded net oxygen uptake for all substrates except sulfite and dithionate.
(5) The data indicate that ebselen is likely to be useful in the therapy of inflammatory conditions in which reactive oxygen species, such as peroxides, play an aetiological role.
(6) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(7) Microelectrodes were used to measure the oxygen tension (PO2) profile within individual spheroids at different stages of growth.
(8) However, time in greater than 21% oxygen was significantly longer in infants less than 1000 g (median 30 days, 8.5 days in patients greater than 1000 g, p less than 0.01).
(9) Previous studies have not evaluated the potential for oxygen toxicity at 9.5 psia.
(10) The pH of ST solutions varied with the mode of oxygenation as follows: 7.9-8.2 in Groups I and IV; 8.7-8.9 in Groups II and V; 7.1-7.4 in Groups III and VI.
(11) The aim of this study was to plot the course of the transcutaneously measured PCO2 (tcPCO2) in the fetus during oxygenation of the mother.
(12) Blood gas variables produced from a computed in vivo oxygen dissociation curve, PaeO2, P95 and C(a-x)O2, were introduced in the University Hospital of Wales in 1986.
(13) Also for bronchogenic carcinoma with that a dependence could be shown between haemoglobin concentration--and by this the oxygen supply of the tumor--and the reaction of the primary tumor after radiotherapy.
(14) The present results using approximately 12% hemoglobin concentration in 0.1 M Bistris buffer at pD 7 and 27 degrees C with and without organic phosphate show that there is no significant line broadening on oxygenation (from 0 to 50% saturation) to affect the determination of the intensities or areas of these resonances.
(15) There was good agreement between the survival of normally oxygenated cells in culture and bright cells from tumors and between hypoxic cells in culture and dim cells from tumors over a radiation dosage range of 2-5 Gray.
(16) In presence of oxygen (air) the phototactic reaction values are somewhat lower than in its absence.
(17) A fiberoptic flow-directed catheter inserted into the hepatic vein continuously measures hepatic venous oxygen hemoglobin saturation (ShvO2).
(18) Anaesthesia was achieved by a mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide and fluothane without use of muscle relaxants.
(19) The use of 100% oxygen to calculate intrapulmonary shunting in patients on PEEP is misleading in both physiological and methodological terms.
(20) Tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension, increased venous oxygen desaturation, and increasing core temperature develop as the syndrome progresses.