What's the difference between cinchonism and overdose?
Cinchonism
Definition:
(n.) A condition produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) In all patients plasma quinine concentrations exceeded the high minimum inhibitory concentration for Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalent in Thailand within four hours of the start of treatment but did not cause toxicity other than mild cinchonism.
(2) Cinchonism is the well-known syndrome of quinine overdose involving disturbances of vision, hearing, and balance, which has occasional importance in aviation pathology, usually related to ingestion of tonic water.
(3) Cinchonism occurred in 25% of those treated with quinine, but it was fully reversible and never necessitated withdrawal of the drug.
(4) However, the simple expedient of increasing the nightly dose of quinine may carry the concomitant risk of cinchonism.
(5) They also experienced the classic symptoms of cinchonism, including nausea, vomiting, and tinnitus.
(6) Several features are common to both an acute single overdose in self-poisoning and accumulation of quinine during therapy for malaria: together they are termed cinchonism.
(7) ; one developed cinchonism and one malaise, the remainder showing no excess toxicity compared with epirubicin alone.
(8) These reactions include GI intolerance, cardiac arrhythmias, fever with and without associated hepatic dysfunction or leukopenia, cinchonism, and hemolytic anemia.
(9) Signs of cinchonism and common ototoxins are discussed.
(10) Quinine intoxication can also cause cinchonism, which is marked by tinnitus, vertigo, blurred vision and scotomata, and possible optic atrophy or death.
(11) We conclude that quinine is highly effective in the treatment of P. falciparum infection and is mandatory if the clinical condition requires a fast-acting blood schizonticide, in cases of hyper-parasitaemia and if multi-drug resistance occurs; its use should not be restricted by reversible side-effects such as cinchonism.
Overdose
Definition:
(v. t.) To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to.
(n.) Too great a dose; an excessive dose.
Example Sentences:
(1) There were two spontaneous abortions, both in the first trimester, which occurred two weeks after the overdose which may be related to the paracetamol.
(2) Toxicity has been reported in the fetus of a woman ingesting a huge overdose of digitoxin; the same result would be anticipated with digoxin poisoning.
(3) The level of prescribing of opioid painkillers – Percocet in Geni’s case – has soared, and with it the incidence of addiction, and addiction’s grim best friend: fatal overdoses.
(4) In another patient, there were symptoms of drug overdose when the contents of the balloon spilled into the intestinal tract.
(5) Rates of past-year heroin abuse or dependence and heroin-related overdose deaths in the United States, 2002–2013.
(6) Two cases of death involving methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are reported; one case is a fatal acute overdose and the other is a drug-related death.
(7) Most people choose a method for suicide and repeatedly use the same method (physical versus overdose).
(8) In a two-month period, three patients were admitted to a general hospital because of acetaminophen overdose, suggesting that this problem may occur more commonly than expected.
(9) The clinical efficacy of haemoperfusion in AT overdose despite the high volume of distribution of AT deserves further investigation.
(10) The prompt treatment by IV furosemide may be beneficial in the management of massive digitalis overdose.
(11) Although specific recommendations for calcium dosing in the overdose situation have not been rigorously studied, maintenance of a normal serum ionized calcium concentration is suggested.
(12) Massive LSD overdose in humans is life-threatening and produces striking and distinctive manifestations.
(13) Furthermore, the persistence of glucagon's cardiovascular actions following beta-adrenergic blockade indicates the potential clinical utility of glucagon in reversing the adverse effects of beta-blocker overdoses, and its potential usefulness in treating circulatory shock in "beta-blocked" patients.
(14) On the home front in the US, the war on drugs is unable to prevent record numbers of overdoses and declining life expectancies.
(15) We analyzed trends in prescribing and overdose deaths related to propoxyphene (e.g., Darvon) before and after a 1978-80 informational campaign carried out by the US Food and Drug Administration and the drug's manufacturer through mailed warnings, face-to-face education of prescribers, press releases, and labeling changes.
(16) During the past 10 years, a number of serious poisonings have been attributed to verapamil overdose.
(17) Overdose patients had significantly higher stable and global attributions for negative events than controls, but were no different in attribution for positive events.
(18) The purpose of this study was to isolate significant clinical or demographic findings concerning overdose patients treated during a China White (3-methyl fentanyl) epidemic and compare them with data for all unintentional narcotic overdose patients during a 24-month period.
(19) The reasons behind these rises in fatal overdoses are unclear, but a number of factors may be involved, including: increased heroin availability, higher purity, ageing users and changing consumption patterns, including the use of synthetic opioids and medicines.
(20) However, as the overdoses occurred at weeks 26 and 28 respectively, long after the structural development of these organs, the malformations could not have been caused by the paracetamol.