(a.) Coming from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as, collateral pressure.
(a.) Acting in an indirect way.
(a.) Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not chief or principal; as, collateral interest; collateral issues.
(a.) Tending toward the same conclusion or result as something else; additional; as, collateral evidence.
(a.) Descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from the other; -- opposed to lineal.
(n.) A collateral relative.
(n.) Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as collateral security.
Example Sentences:
(1) It also provides mechanical support for the collateral ligaments during valgus or varus stress of the knee.
(2) Furthermore echography revealed a collateral subperiosteal edema and a moderate thickening of extraocular muscles and bone periostitis, a massive swelling of muscles and bone defects in subperiosteal abscesses as well as encapsulated abscesses of the orbit and a concomitant retrobulbar neuritis in orbital cellulitis.
(3) In the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc), the collaterals of one half of the periodontium afferent fibers terminated mainly in lamina V at the rostral and middle levels of Vc.
(4) In addition to terminating at the brachial segments, they had one to three collaterals to the upper cervical cord (C3-C4), where the propriospinal neurons projecting to forelimb motoneurons are located.
(5) The relationship between pressure at the functional site of origin of intracranial collateral channels (Pstem) and systemic pressure allows an estimation of the size of vascular channels from which collateral vessels originate.
(6) The diagnosis of an arterial injury may be readily apparent, but the excellent upper-extremity collateral circulation may create palpable distal pulses despite a significant proximal arterial injury.
(7) When collateral marginal vessels were eliminated, adjacent arterial blood flow decreased to control levels and venous flow virtually stopped.
(8) Systemic collateral arteries were present in all 38 patients.
(9) The data reported here, in combination with the published literature, suggest that the collaterals of roughly 300 G hair fibers overlap at any given point at middle levels of the cuneate nucleus.
(10) This effect was related to a decrease in collateral flow because animals exhibiting the highest increase in perfusion deficit presented the greatest increase in infarct size (r = -0.92, p = 0.003).
(11) The constrictor may be used for studies on the development of collaterals as well as on therapeutic measures in chronic ischemia of the myocardium.
(12) The extent of coronary artery disease and collateral blood supply in Groups I and II were directly related (p = 0.012).
(13) Other angiographic procedures also revealed marked hepatopetal collaterals (cavernous transformation) entering the liver through the hilum.
(14) Tissue necrosis was evaluated using tetrazolium staining and was normalized to the principal baseline predictors of infarct size including anatomic risk zone (microsphere autoradiography) and coronary collateral flow.
(15) Many factors can influence the severity and evolution of ischemic injury, perhaps the most important being the extent of residual (or collateral) flow to the affected tissue.
(16) However, at angles of flexion of 30 degrees or less, the amount of posterior translation after section of only the lateral collateral ligament and the deep structures was similar to that noted after isolated section of the posterior cruciate ligament.
(17) Coronary collateral blood flow was measured with tracer microspheres in 3 different experimental conditons in the dog heart: 1. after occlusion of a large coronary artery in the in situ beating heart, 2. after occlusion of a small coronary artery in the in situ beating heart and 3. after occlusion of a large coronary artery in the isolated, empty beating, blood-perfused heart.
(18) Two of them, the radiocapitate and deep radioscapholunate, insert on the scaphoid, whereas the collateral ligament courses to the distal pole of the scaphoid.
(19) EF was correlated with the degree of collateral supply and one of them (22%) ended in sudden death.
(20) Labeled axons were first detected in the segment of optic nerve lying distal to the crush site 1 week after injury and had extended as far as 2.3 mm beyond the crush site by 60 days postinjury, growing at a rate similar to that at which the collateral branches of developing ganglion cell axons extend into their targets.
Indirect
Definition:
(a.) Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road.
(a.) Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; as, an indirect accusation, attack, answer, or proposal.
(a.) Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to mislead or deceive.
(a.) Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less remotely connected with or growing out of it; as, indirect results, damages, or claims.
(a.) Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct method; as, an indirect proof, demonstration, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus, human bronchial epithelial cells can express the IL-8 gene, with expression in response to the inflammatory mediator TNF regulated mainly at the transcriptional level, and with elements within the 5'-flanking region of the gene that are directly or indirectly modulated by the TNF signal.
(2) The sensitivity of an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test (screening test) for the detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was examined by using 128 serum specimens and quaternary aminoethyl (QAE)-Sephadex A50 column chromatography to separate IgM from IgG class antibodies.
(3) In the present study, the expression of type IV collagen associated with the basal membrane (BM) was studied histochemically (indirect immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase) in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions (diagnosed using in situ DNA hybridization) of different grades.
(4) Noradrenaline (NA) was released from sympathetic nerve endings in the tissue by electrical stimulation of the mesenteric nerves or by the indirect sympathomimetic agent tyramine.
(5) The base materials caused more pulpal inflammation than the control material, Kalzinol, although by an indirect mechanism.
(6) They were visualized by indirect immunoperoxidase techniques.
(7) Because of these different direct and indirect actions, a sudden cessation of sinus node activity or sudden AV block may result in the diseased heart in a prolonged and even fatal cardiac standstill, especially if the tolerance to ischemia of other organs (notably the brain) is decreased.
(8) More needs to be known about the direct and indirect modulation of cytokine production by cyclosporin A in connective tissues, in order to understand its potential value in clinical disorders.
(9) Possible explanations of the clinical gains include 1) psychological encouragement, 2) improvements of mechanical efficiency, 3) restoration of cardiovascular fitness, thus breaking a vicous circle of dyspnoea, inactivity and worsening dyspnoea, 4) strengthening of the body musculature, thus reducing the proportion of anaerobic work, 5) biochemical adaptations reducing glycolysis in the active tissues, and 6) indirect responses to such factors as group support, with advice on smoking habits, breathing patterns and bronchial hygiene.
(10) Indirect methods to evaluate left ventricular function included the use of the Swan-Ganz catheter for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurement, systolic time intervals, and cardiac output.
(11) Third, an indirect activation of protein kinase C may occur via an increase in the rate of phosphoinositide breakdown.
(12) A highly significant correlation was observed between neutralization of indirect hemolysis and neutralization of lethal activity.
(13) By indirect immunofluorescence one antibody population can be shown to react with modified red cells.
(14) The aim of this study was clarify the physiopathological mechanisms underlying atrial pauses as well as to evaluate the sensitivity of sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) directly measured on SNE and of SACT estimated with the indirect Strauss method with respect to the detection of SSS.
(15) MHC expression was assessed in a radiolabeled mAb binding assay and by indirect immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections.
(16) Detection of the noncarboxylated forms allows an indirect and specific measure of the vitamin K deficiency found in early, classic, and late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN), malabsorption syndromes, and drug related (warfarin, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics) states.
(17) Our data suggest that verapamil affects lymphocyte beta-receptors in vitro and with long-term administration regulates lymphocyte beta-receptor function either directly or indirectly via a reduction in plasma catecholamine levels.
(18) Doctors, who once treated human body as an entity, are so specialized that none seems to know any more that the head bone is still indirectly connected to the great toe.
(19) Serology represents the primary method, using the techniques of complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
(20) By its actions, this musculature effects many phases of dentistry, directly or indirectly; and orthodontics is affected most of all.