(v. t.) To mingle and blend, so that different elements can not be distinguished; to confuse.
(v. t.) To mistake for another; to identify falsely.
(v. t.) To throw into confusion or disorder; to perplex; to strike with amazement; to dismay.
(v. t.) To destroy; to ruin; to waste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous studies have not always controlled for socioeconomic status (SES) of mothers or other potential confounders such as gestational age or birthweight of infants.
(2) Displacing potencies for dopamine in the nanomolar range are associated with agonist-specific D-3 receptor binding and it is predicted that the component of D-2 binding with high agonist affinity may play a confounding role in many D-3 receptor studies.
(3) Frequently, however, only incomplete data on confounders can be obtained from sources such as next-of-kin or co-workers.
(4) Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly by about 0.9 and showed no consistent trend with increased alcohol consumption.
(5) The possibility of applying Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to gustation was investigated by testing the effect of three variables--smoking, signal probability, and food intake (confounded with time of day)--on the taste sensitivity to sucrose of 24 male and 24 female Ss.
(6) They also include difficulties peculiar to the condition of mild mental retardation, including the choice of method of classification whether by IQ testing or administratively; the heterogeneous nature of the individuals so characterised; and the confounding effects of social and biological factors and the changes in the implications for the affected individual of the condition, depending on age, sex and environment.
(7) Practitioners must be aware of the potential for interactions between (and confounding by) commercially used feed components.
(8) A weakness was in not including confounding factors such as social class and the lack of detailed questions on topics.
(9) In practice, confounding by factors related to exposure opportunity is common.
(10) By using a national sample we ensured that the influence of regional variations in the configuration of long-term care services would not confound estimates of the relative effect of client-related factors.
(11) The independent effects of separation and display size, which were confounded in the Sagi and Julesz experiments, were examined.
(12) In particular, it is shown that adjustment for a misclassified confounding variable can be greatly improved by using the methods presented.
(13) Possible confounding effects of missing data, institutionalization prior to adoption, information given to adoptive parents by the adoption agencies about the child's biological background, historical period, perinatal factors, and selective placement were considered.
(14) I argue that (a) the procedures they used to study confounding were suboptimal because multiple measures of depression and catastrophizing were not employed and (b) the distinctiveness of constructs might better be regarded as a continuous rather than all-or-none (having adequate discriminant validity versus being confounded) concept.
(15) The observed relation between physical activity and colon cancer was not confounded by dietary intake of calories, fat, or protein, nor was the diet and colon cancer relation confounded by physical activity (odds ratios for calories, protein, and fat in males were 2.40, 2.57, and 2.18, respectively).
(16) It is this "multiple system failure" that compounds the effects of large scale events and confounds emergency response.
(17) To control for possible confounding variables, the authors repeated the analyses after stratifying by demographic and diagnostic variables that were distributed differently among men and women.
(18) Some recent reports implicate marijuana smoking as a cause of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, though most of the subjects were exposed to other, possibly confounding, etiologic factors, namely tobacco and alcohol.
(19) With the use of the logistic regression method, an adjusted OR was obtained after controlling various confounders.
(20) The purpose of this study was to examine the association between maternal caffeine consumption and low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity, adjusting for multiple confounders.
Subvert
Definition:
(v. t.) To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly.
(v. t.) To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt; to confound.
(v. i.) To overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive.
Example Sentences:
(1) In such conditions, proposals which subvert fundamental academic principles meet no effective opposition.
(2) His reports alleged active, sustained and covert collusion to subvert the election which, if confirmed, could constitute treason.
(3) This is the first such virally-encoded soluble cytokine receptor to be identified, and may represent a more general mechanism by which viruses subvert the host immune system.
(4) He told the court: “We have been trying at the bar to imagine whether we can think of any other group of legal or natural persons, terrorist suspects, arms dealers, Jews, in respect of whose evidence one might even begin to think that one could tenably say, ‘Well, of course, in looking at this evidence I have been very careful because I know from the past that these people are a bit devious and a bit unworthy, and the only thing they’re really interested in is subverting public health.’ ” Yet last week’s judgment, running to 1,000 paragraphs, confirmed in excoriating detail just how determined big tobacco has been down the decades to achieve precisely this goal.
(5) Liu is serving 11 years for incitement to subvert state power after co-writing Charter 08, a call for democratic reforms in China.
(6) China is furious at the decision to recognise Liu, jailed for incitement to subvert state power after co-authoring a call for democratic reforms.
(7) Mona Deeley, a producer for Cinema Badila: Alternative Cinema on BBC Arabic TV , said: "The secret cinema is an interesting initiative for both subverting the ban on cinema and as a form of civil and cultural resistance."
(8) These findings, together with the fact that the worm's gut contains hemosiderin, suggest that the worm subverts the vascular reaction and causes within the nodule a controlled hemorrhage that serves the worm's nutritional needs.
(9) No wry observations or whoops-a-daisy trombones to subvert the conceit for period lolz.
(10) It claimed to be the minutes of a late 19th-century meeting of Jewish leaders, in which they discussed their goal of a global plan to subvert the morals of gentiles and control the press and the global economy.
(11) It was our moment to make our point by subverting the message using the show itself.” In an early meeting with the production team, they were, the statement claims, handed images of “pro-Assad graffiti – apparently natural in a Syrian refugee camp”.
(12) The attack on al-Jazeera is part of an assault on free speech to subvert the impact of old and new media in the Arab world.
(13) Government inspections of garment factories are infrequent and easily subverted by corruption, and the garment industry, by far Bangladesh's biggest exporter, is highly influential in government.
(14) One year later, a court sentenced him to 11 years for incitement to subvert state power.
(15) "The bottom line is that we're all unique individuals – even when I'm trying to imitate Mariah, it's still through my lens," she explains when we get on to the subject of subverting pop for the masses.
(16) "He repeatedly sacrificed his own interests, even his liberty, in order to defend these values and challenge and subvert the most powerful factions that were their enemies," Greenwald wrote.
(17) And particularly once you start splitting them over jurisdictions and things like that it becomes much more difficult to subvert their intentions.
(18) We speculate that a major mechanism by which some oncogenes promote metastatic ability is by subverting a signal transduction process, resulting in activation of a set of genes, some of which appear to promote metastatic ability.
(19) But Thorne’s working life has been spent subverting genres, through his Bafta-winning work on supernatural thriller The Fades and Shane Meadows’s bleak, beautiful coming-of-age miniseries This Is England ’86 and ’88.
(20) His adrenalin-pumping shows are woven into American life, yet subvert its capitalist fundamentals, that innate American principle of screw-thy-neighbour, in favour of what he insists to be "real" America – working class, militant, street-savvy, tough but romantic, nomadic but with roots – compiled into what feels like a single epic but vernacular rock-opera lasting four decades.